| D |
|
| Dacron |
Du Pont Brand Of Polyester Fiber.
|
| Damask |
Originally A Silk Fabric Made In
Damascus, Only One Colour, With Patterns Of Flowers, Branches And
Animals In Satin Finish Contrasting With The Slightly Textured Taffeta
Background. Multi-coloured Damasks Are Called Lampas.
|
Deacetylated Acetate (fibre)
(generic Name)
|
A Term Used To Describe Fibres Of
Regenerated Cellulose Obtained By Almost Complete De-ethanoylation
(deacetylation) Of A Cellulose Ethanoate (acetate). |
| Dead Cotton |
An Extreme Form Of Immature Cotton
With A Very Thin Fibre Wall., Note: Commonly The Cause Is Excessively
Slow Secondary Growth, Resulting In Many Of The Fibres Having Developed
Only A Thin Secondary Wall By The Time The Boll Opens. It Is Sometimes
Caused By Premature 'death' Or Cessation Of Growth Due To Factors Such
As Local Pest Attack, Incidence Of Some Types Of Disease, Or Curtailment
Of The Life Of The Plant Itself, Resulting In The Death Of The Fibres
Before The Full Potential Secondary-wall Thickening Has Been Reached.
Particularly For Such Fibres There May Be No Secondary Thickening At
All. The Fibres Are Weak, Brittle And Lacking In Twist Or Convolutions,
Become Easily Entangled Into Neps, And Are Generally Lacking In Lustre,
With A 'dead' Appearance, Although Some Fibres Without Any Secondary
Thickening Tend To Stick Together And Show Up As Small Bundles In Ginned
Raw Cotton.
|
| Dead Wool |
Wool Taken From Sheep That Have Died
From Natural Causes
|
| De-aeration |
The Removal Of All Undissolved Gases
And Part Of The Dissolved Gases (chiefly Air) From Solutions Prior To
Extrusion.
|
| Deburring |
A Process In Wool Yarn Manufacturing
For Extracting Burrs, Seeds And Vegetable Matter From Wool. Deburring Is
Carried Out Mechanically By A Burring Machine.
|
| Decitex |
A Unit Of The Tex System.
|
| Deco |
Refers To Designs Which Suggest The
Art Deco Style Of The 20's And 30's, Characterized By Bold Outlines And
Streamlined Shapes.
|
| Decrystallised Cotton |
Cotton Treated With Reagents Such As
Zinc Chloride, Concentrated Caustic Soda Solutions Or Amines To Reduce
The Degree Of Crystallization.
|
| Deep Dyeing |
Descriptive Of Fibres Modified So As
To Have Greater Uptake Of Selected Dyes Than Normal Fibres, When The Two
Are Dyed Together., Degreasing, (1) The Removal Of Grease, Suint, And
Extraneous Matter From Wool By An Aqueous Or Solvent Process., (2) The
Removal Of Natural Fats, Waxes, Grease, Oil, And Dirt From Any Textile
Material By Extraction With An Organic Solvent., Degree Of Orientation,
The Extent To Which The Macromolecules Composing A Fibre Or Film Lie In
A Predominant Direction In The Case Of Fibres The Predominant Direction
Is Usually The Fibre Axis. Note 1: There Are Several Methods For
Assessment Of The Degree Of Orientation, Of Which Measurement Of
Birefringence Is The Most Usual., Note 2: The Degrees Of Orientation Of
Crystalline And Non-crystalline Regions May Be Evaluated Separately.
|
| Degree Of Polymerisation (dp) |
The Average Number Of Repeating
Units In The Individual Macromolecules In A Polymer., Note: In General,
This Average Will Depend On The Basis On Which It Is Calculated, Which
Should Stated. For Example, It May Be Based Upon A Mass (weight) Or A
Number Average.
|
| Degumming |
The Removal Of Sericin ( Silk Gum)
From Silk Yarns Or Fabrics, Or From Silk Waste Prior To Spinning, By A
Controlled, Hot, Mildly Alkaline Treatment Intended To Have Little
Effect On The Underlying Fibroin.
|
| Delicate |
Referring To A Fine, Light Hand With
Good Drape.
|
| Delustrant |
A Particulate Material Added Before
Extrusion To Subdue The Lustre Of A Man-made Fibre. Note 1: The
Anatase Form Of Titanium Dioxide Is Commonly Used For This Purpose. Note
2: Terms Used To Indicate The Level Of Delustrant In Man-made Fibres
Include: Clear, Bright, Semi-dull, Semi-matt, Dull, Matt, Extra Dull,
And Super Dull.
|
| Denier |
The Weight In Grams Of 9000 Metres
Of A Filament Or Yarn Etc. The Denier System Was Common As The Standard
For All Continuous-filament Yarns. Yarns Spun From Man-made Staple Fibre
Were Usually Designated By The Count System Appropriate To The Method Of
Spinning, Although The Fineness Of Individual Fibres Composing The Spun
Yam Was Denoted By Denier. The Recommended System Is The Tex System With
The Unit Of Decitex For Filament Yarns.
|
| Denim |
A Firm 2/1 Or 3/1 Right Hand Twill
Usually With A Colored Warp And White Or Natural Weft . Commonly Made Of
Cotton Or Cotton Blends In A Variety Of Weights.
|
| Depitching |
The Removal Of Tar Or Other Branding
Substances From Wool, Usually, Though Not Necessarily, By
Solvent-extraction.
|
| Depth |
That Colour Quality An Increase In
Which Is Associated With An Increase In The Quantity Of Colorant
Present, All Other Conditions (viewing, Etc.) Remaining The Same.
|
| Desizing |
The Removal Of Size From Fabric.
|
| Detergent |
A Substance Normally Having
Surface-active Properties Specifically Intended To Cleanse A Substrate.
|
| Detwisted |
Descriptive Of A Yarn Of Fibres Or
Filaments From Which Twist Has Been Removed.
|
| Devantière |
17th Century Women's Riding Costume
Split At The Back.
|
| Developing |
A Step In A Dyeing Or Printing
Process In Which An Intermediate Form Of The Colorant Is Converted To
The Final Form (e.g. Oxidation Of A Vat Leuco Ester).
|
| Dhila |
Loose Or Baggy. Thus, A Dhila
Payjama, Wide And Roomy All Over.
|
| Dhoti |
The Traditional Indian Dress For The
Lower Part Of The Body, Consisting Of A Piece Of Unstitched Cloth Draped
Over The Hips And Legs. Worn In Various Ways In Different Parts Of The
Country, Alike By Men And Women.
|
| Diacetate (fibre) |
A Term Used To Describe Fibres Made
From Propanone-soluble (acetone-soluble) Cellulose Ethanoate (acetate).
The Iso Generic Name Is Acetate.
|
| Diamond |
Referring To Designs Dominated By
Diamond Shapes.
|
| Diazotize |
To Convert A Primary Aromatic Amine
Into The Corresponding Diazonium Salt, By Treatment With Nitric Acid.
|
| Die Swell |
The Increase In Diameter That Occurs
As A Visco-elastic Melt Or Solution Emerges From A Die Or Spinneret
Hole.
|
| Differential Dyeing |
Usually Descriptive Of Fibres Of The
Same Generic Class, But Having Potentially Different Dyeing Properties
From The Standard Fibre.
|
| Diffusion |
Movement Of Substance Owing To The
Existence Of A Concentration Gradient.
|
| Dimity |
A Lightweight, Sheer, Plain Weave
Fabric Characterized By Lengthwise Ribs. Sometimes Also With Crosswise
Ribs Forming A Check. Commonly Used For Curtains, Aprons.
|
| Dip |
(1) An Immersion Of Relatively Short
Duration Of A Textile In Liquid., (2) The Depth Of Liquid In The Inner
Cylinder Of A Rotary Washing Machine., (3) A Laboratory Dyeing, Usually
To Develop A Dye Formula, (u.s.a.).
|
| Direct Dye |
An Anionic Dye Having Substantivity
For Cellulosic Fibres, Normally Applied From An Aqueous Dyebath
Containing An Electrolyte., Direct Spinning, (1) (man-made Fibre
Production) Integrated Polymerization And Fibre Extrusion Without
Intervening Isolation Or Storage Of The Polymer., (2) (man-made Fibre
Production) The Method Whereby Tow. Is Converted To Staple Fibre And
Spun Into Yarn In An Integrated Operation., (3) (bast Fibre Production)
A Method Of Dry-spinning Bast Fibres Whereby Untwisted Slivers Are
Drafted With Suitable Controls And Directly Twisted Into Yarn. Gill
Spinning And Slip-draft Spinning Systems Are Particular Forms Of The
Method.
|
| Direct Style |
A Style Of Printing In One Or
Several Colours Where The Dyes Are Applied And Then Fixed By Ageing Or
Other Appropriate Means. The Fabric Is Usually Initially White But May
Sometimes Have Previously Dyed .
|
| Direct Warping |
The Transference Of Yarn From A
Package Creel Directly On To A Beam.
|
| Direct-spun |
(1) A Term Used To Describe
Filaments Or Yarn Produced By Direct Spinning., (2) Descriptive Of
Woollen Yarns Spun On A Mule Onto Weft Bobbins.
|
| Discharge (printing) |
To Destroy By Chemical Means A Dye
Or Mordant Already Present On A Substrate To Leave A White Or
Differently Coloured Design.
|
| Discharge Printed |
A Dyed Fabric Is Printed With A
Chemical Paste That Bleaches Out Or "discharges" The Color To
Allow White Patterns On A Dyed Ground. By Adding A Dye To The Paste That
Is Not Affected By The Chemical It Is Possible To Replace The Discharged
Ground Color With Another Color.
|
| Discharging. |
The Destruction By Chemical Means Of
A Dye Or Mordant Already Present On A Material To Leave A White Or
Differently Coloured Pattern., Note: This Term Is Also Used To Cover The
Removal Of Gum From Silk (see Degumming)
|
| Disperse Dye |
A Substantially Water-insoluble Dye
Having Substantivity For One Or More Hydrophobic Fibres, , E.g.,
Cellulose Acetate, And Usually Applied From Fine Aqueous Dispersion.
|
| Dispersion Spinning |
A Process In Which The Polymers That
Tend To An Infusible, Insoluble, And Generally Intractable Character
(e.g., Polytetrafluoroethylene) Are Dispersed As Fine Particles In A
Carrier Such As Sodium Alginate Or Sodium Xanthate Solutions That Permit
Extrusion Into Fibres, After Which The Dispersed Polymer Is Caused To
Coalesce By A Heating Process, The Carrier Being Removed Either By A
Heating Or By A Dissolving Process.
|
| Dissolving Pulp. |
A Specially Purified Form Of
Cellulose Made From Wood Tissue.
|
| Distressed |
Describes A Finish That Disturbs The
Surface Of The Fabric, Giving It A Used, Beaten, Or Uneven Appearance.
Often Done Through Sand Or Stone Washing After The Fabric Has Been
Pigment Dyed.
|
| District Check |
A Category Of Small Check Designs,
Sometimes With Contrasting Overplaids, Originally Of Scottish Origin.
Glen Plaids Are Part Of This Category.
|
| Dobby |
1. A Fabric With Small, Repeating
Geometric Patterns Woven Into The Surface. 2. An Attachment To A Loom
Which Controls The Harness Allowing The Weaving Of These Geometric
Patterns.
|
| Doeskin |
A Soft Fabric With A Low, Napped
Finish On One Side.
|
Doffing Tube (rotor Spinning)
|
An Extension To The Navel To Guide
The Withdrawn Yarn From The Rotor. |
| Dolly |
(1) A Machine In Which Fabric Pieces
Sewn End To End Are Circulated Repeatedly Through A Liquor By Means Of A
Single Pair Of Squeeze Rollers Above The Liquor. , (2) A Machine In
Which Lace, Hosiery, Or Knitwears Are Subjected To The Action Of
Free-falling Beaters While Immersed In A Detergent Solution And Carried
In A Moving Rectangular Or Cylindrical Box., (3) An Open-width Washer,
Containing 3-5 Compartments, Originally Used For Dunging Aged Cotton
Prints, And Now Also Used For Any Open-width Washing Where A Shorter
Machine Than An Open Soaper Is Desired.
|
| Dome Shaped |
En Coupole. Round Table En Guéridon.
Oval Paniers À Coudes.
|
| Donegal |
A Plain-weave Fabric Woven From
Woollen-spun Yarns Characterized By A Random Distribution Of Brightly
Coloured Flecks Or Slubs. It Was Originally Produced As A Coarse Woollen
Suiting In County Donegal.
|
| Dope |
A Solution (spinning Solution) Of
Fibre-forming Polymer As Prepared For Extrusion Through A Spinneret.,
Note: A Spinning Solution Is Often Referred To As Dope, A Term
Historically Associated With Cellulose Ethanoate (cellulose Acetate)
Solutions As Varnishes.
|
| Dope/solution Dyed |
Manufactured Fibers Which Have Been
Colored By Dyeing The Polymer Solution Before It Is Extruded & Spun
Into Yarn.
|
| Dope-dyed |
Descriptive Of Man-made Fibres In
Which Colouring Matter (e.g., Dye Or Pigment) Has Been Incorporated
Before The Filament Is Formed.
|
| Doru |
Long Rope With Which The Thick
Woolen Coat Worn By The Gaddis Is Secured Around The Waist.
|
| Dosuti |
A Hindi Word, Which Literally Means
'two Threads' Used To Describe The Operation Of Combining Two Threads
Together At A Winding Machine, In Which Case The Operation Is Known As
'dosuti Winding. When Applied To Fabric, It Means That Two Warp Ends Are
Working In Pairs And That Two Weft Threads Are Placed In The Same Shed.
|
| Dot |
A Design Dominated By Circular
Spots, Which May Be Of Any Size, Printed Or Woven Into The Fabric. Small
Dots Are Often Called Pin Dots; Medium To Large Dots May Be Referred To
As Aspirin Dots, Coin Dots Or Polka Dots.
|
| Dotted Swiss |
A Sheer Fabric Often A Lawn Or
Batiste, Usually Of Cotton Or Cotton Blend, With A Small Dot Pattern.
The Dots Are Usually Woven Into The Fabric But May Be Flocked Or Printed
. Used For Curtains, Children's Clothes, Dresses.
|
| Double (yarn) |
See Folded Yarn, Also Termed Plied
Yarn
|
| Double Cloth |
A Fabric Consisting Of 2 Layers
Woven Together On The Same Loom . The Fabrics May Be Held Together With
Binder Threads Or Interwoven . The 2 Layers Often Are Of Different
Patterns, Colors Or Weaves . Used For Coatings, Sportswear, Blankets,
Upholstery.
|
| Double Face |
A Reversible 2 Layer Fabric, Usually
With A Different Color Or Pattern On Each Side. Double Face Is Usually A
Double Cloth But Some Reversible Bonded Fabrics May Be Referred To As
Double Face.
|
| Double Knit |
A Weft Knit, Double Layered Fabric
Produced On A Machine With 2 Sets Of Needles. Double Knits Are Thicker
Have More Body And Are More Stable Than Single Knits. As They Curl, Sag,
And Shrink Less Than Single Knits , They Are More Suitable For
Sportswear And Tailored Garments. They Usually Are Reversible.
|
Double Plush Carpets
|
See Face-to-face Carpets |
| Doublings (drawing) |
The Number Of Laps, Rovings, Slivers
Or Slubbings, Fed Simultaneously Into A Machine For Drafting Into A
Single End., Note: Doubling Is Employed To Promote Blending And
Regularity.
|
| Doupion |
See Dupion
|
| Doupioni |
1 The Irregular, Uneven, Rough Silk
Taken From Double Cocoons Or Interlocked Cocoons Which Are Reeled
Together. 2. Fabrics With Characteristic Slubs Made From Doupioni Silk
Or Made To Imitate Doupioni Silk.
|
| Downproof |
A Fabric Which Resists The
Penetration Of Down. The Fabric May Be Closely Woven To Be Downproof By
Nature Or May Be Cired Or Coated To Make It Downproof.
|
| Draft |
(1) When Drafting The Degree Of
Attenuation Calculated Either As The Ratio Of The Input And Output
Linear Densities, Or As The Ratio Of The Surface Speeds Of The Output
And Input Machine Components Which Bring About Drafting., (2) To Reduce
The Linear Density Of A Fibrous Assembly By Drawing, Or Drafting.
|
| Drafting |
(1) The Process Of Drawing Out Laps,
Slivers, Slubbings, And Rovings To Decrease The Linear Density., (2) The
Order In Which Threads Are Drawn Through Heald Eyes Before Weaving.
|
| Drapey |
Refers To A Fabric With Good Drape,
That Is, One That Is Supple And Falls Easily Into Graceful Folds When
Hung Or Tailored.
|
| Draping |
Draping Means To Hang Or To Adorn
The Body Form With Loose Fabric, And To Obtain A Body Fitted Garment By
Using Adequate Sewing Techniques.
|
| Draw (mule) |
The Cycle Of Operations From The
Start Of The Outward Run To The Finish Of The Inward Run Of The Carriage
Of A Spinning Or A Twiner Mule.
|
| Draw (sampling) |
A Sample Of Fibres Abstracted
Manually From A Bulk Lot Of Raw Material Or Sliver With A View To
Assessing The Length And/or Distribution Of Length Of Fibre Within The
Sample.
|
| Draw Mechanism (knitting) |
A Mechanism On A Straight-bar
Knitting Machine For Converting Rotary Motion Into Reciprocating Motion
For The Purpose Of Laying The Yarn And Kinking It Round The Needles.
|
| Draw Pin |
A Stationary Pin Or Guide, Which By
Inducing A Localized Change In Yarn Tension And/or Temperature May Be
Used To Stabilize The Position Of The Draw-point Or Neck In Some
Processes Of Drawing Of Man-made-fibre Yarns., Note: For The Drawing Of
Some Fibre Types, E.g., Polyester, A Heated Pin May Be Used: With Other
Types, E.g., Nylon, The Pin Is Normally Not Heated.
|
| Draw Ratio |
Machine Draw Ratio, In A Drawing
Process, The Ratio Of The Peripheral Speed Of The Draw Roller To That Of
The Feed Roller.: True Draw Ratio, In A Drawing Process, The Ratio Of
The Linear Density Of The Undrawn Yam To That Of The Drawn Yam. :
Residual Draw Ratio, The Draw Ratio Required, In Draw Texturing, To
Convert A Partially Oriented Yarn Into A Commercially Acceptable
Product. : Natural Draw Ratio, The Ratio Of The Cross-sectional Areas Of
A Filament Before And After The Neck, When A Synthetic Filament Or Film
Draws At A Neck.
|
| Draw Roller |
The Output Roller Of A Zone In Which
Drawing Is Taking Place.
|
| Draw Thread (knitting) |
A Thread Introduced In The Form Of
One Row Of Loops During Knitting Which, On Removal, Permits The
Separation Of Articles That Are Knitted As A Succession Of Units
Connected Together.
|
| Draw Threads (lace) |
Removable Threads Included In The
Construction Of Lace Either To Act As A Temporary Support For Certain
Parts Of The Pattern Or To Hold Together Narrow Widths Or Units That Are
Separated Subsequently By Their Removal.
|
| Draw-beaming |
See Draw-warping, Also Termed Warp
Drawing (USA.)
|
| Draw-down |
In Man-made Filament Extrusion, The
Ratio Of Take-up Or Haul-off Speed To The Average Speed Of The Spinning
Fluid As It Leaves The Spinneret., Note: The Terms Spin-stretch Ratio
And Extrusion Ratio Are Also Commonly Used.
|
| Drawing (staple Yarn) |
Operations By Which Slivers Are
Blended (or Doubled) Levelled, And By Drafting Reduced To The State Of
Sliver Or Roving Suitable For Spinning. In Cotton Spinning The Term Is
Only Applied To Processing At The Drawframe. Various Systems Of Drawing
Are Practised In Modern Worsted Spinning, But With Machinery
Development, And The Greater Use Of Man-made Staple Fibres, The
Differences Are Becoming Less Distinct. Most Modern Drawing Sets
Incorporate Three Passages Of Pin Drafting And A Roving Process. The
Systems Differ Mainly In The Means Of Fibre Control Between The Major
Pairs Of Drafting Rollers And In The Types Of Output Package.
|
Drawing (synthetic Filaments And
Films)
|
The Stretching To Near The Limit Of
Plastic Flow Of Synthetic Filaments Or Films Of Low Molecular
Orientation., Note: This Process Orients The Molecular Chains In The
Length Direction. |
Drawing, Cold (synthetic
Filaments And Films)
|
The Drawing Of Synthetic Filaments
Or Films Without The Intentional Application Of External Heat. , Note:
Free Drawing Of Filaments Or Films At A Neck Is Also Referred To As Cold
Drawing Even Though This May Be Carried Out In A Heated Environment. |
Drawing, Hot (synthetic
Filaments And Films)
|
A Term Applied To The Drawing Of
Synthetic Filaments Or Films With The Intentional Application Of
External Heat. |
| Drawing-in |
The Process Of Drawing The Threads
Of A Warp Through The Eyes Of A Heald And The Dents Of A Reed.
|
| Drawn Yarn |
Extruded Yarn That Has Been
Subjected To A Stretching Or Drawing Process That Orients The Long-chain
Molecules Of Which It Is Composed In The Direction Of The Filament Axis.
On Further Stretching, Such Yarn Acquires Elastic Extension As Compared
With The Plastic Flow Of Undrawn Yarn.
|
| Draw-spinning |
A Process For Spinning Partially Or
Highly Oriented Filaments In Which The Orientation Is Introduced Prior
To The First Forwarding Or Collecting Device
|
| Draw-texturing |
A Process In Which The Drawing Stage
Of Man-made-yarn Manufacture Is Combined With The Texturing Process On
One Machine., Note: The Drawing And Texturing Stages May Take Place In
Separate, Usually Consecutive, Zones Of A Machine (sequential
Draw-texturing) Or Together In The Same Zone (simultaneous
Draw-texturing).
|
| Draw-twist |
To Orient A Filament Yarn By Drawing
It And Then To Twist It In Integrated Sequential Stages.
|
| Draw-warping |
A Process For The Preparation Of
Warp Beams Or Section Beams From A Creel Of Packages Of Partially
Oriented Yarn In Which The Traditionally Separate Stages Of Drawing And
Beaming Are Combined Sequentially On One Machine., Also Termed
Draw-beaming; Warp Drawing (USA.)
|
| Draw-wind |
To Orient A Filament Yarn By Drawing
It, And Then To Wind It On To A Package In An Integrated Process Without
Imparting Twist.
|
| Dress Muslin |
See Muslin
|
| Dressing (flax) |
A Combing Process Applied To Stricks
Or Pieces Of Line Flax Fibre To Parallelize The Strands, Remove Naps Or
Bunches Of Entangled Fibres, And Square The Ends Of The Pieces By
Pulling Or Breaking Fibres That Protrude From The Ends.
|
| Dressing (lace) |
The Operation Of Stretching Lace,
Net, Or Lace-furnishing Products To Size, Then Drying, After The
Application Of Stiffening Or Softening Agents. The Stretching And Drying
May Be Carried Out On Either A Running Stenter Or A Stationary Frame.
|
| Dressing (warp Preparation) |
The Operation Of Assembling Yarns
From A Ball Warp, Beam, Or Chain On A Beam Immediately Prior To
Weaving., Scotch Dressing, (1) (dry Taping; Scotch Beaming) A Method Of
Preparing Striped Warps For Weaving, Suitable For Use When Long Lengths
Of Any One Pattern Are To Be Woven. Three Operations Are Involved, (a)
Splitting-off From Stock Ball Warps (bleached Or Dyed, And Sized) The
Required Number Of Threads Of The Required Colours,, (b) The Winding Of
The Differently Coloured Warps, Each Onto A Separate 'back' Or Warper's
Beam, And, (c) The Simultaneous Winding Of The Threads From A Set Of
Back Beams Through A Coarse Reed Onto A Loom Beam: (2) (dresser Sizing;
Scotch Warp Dressing) A Method Of Warp Preparation, Used Particular
Linen Industry, Which Incorporates Sizing. Yam In Sheet Form Is
Withdrawn From Two Warper's Beams (one Set At Each End Of The Machine)
And Wound Onto A Loom Beam At A Headstock. Each Half Of The Machine Has
Its Own Size Box And Hot- Air-drying Arrangement., Yorkshire Dressing, A
Method Of Preparing A Striped Warp Beam For A Loom. Four Operations Are
Involved, (a) Splitting-off From Stock Ball Warps (bleached Or Dyed, And
Sized) The Required Number Of Threads Of The Required Colours,, (b) The
Disposition Of These Threads To Pattern In The Reed With Or Without Ends
From Stock Grey Warps,, (c) The Slow And Intermittent Winding Of The
Threads Onto The Loom Beam, During The Process They Are Tensioned By
Means Of Rods And Rollers, Brushed By Hand, And Kept And In Correct
Position And If, As Is Usual, There Are Two Or Four Ends Per Reed Dent,
These Are Further Separated By Means Of A Rod, And , (d) The Picking Of
An End-and-end Lease. The Process Ensures That In The Warp All Threads
Will Be Kept Parallel, Separated One From Another, In Their Correct
Position, And Correctly Tensioned.
|
| Drill |
A Strong, Medium To Heavy Weight 2x1
Or 3x1 Warp Faced Twill Usually Of Cotton. It Is Similar To Denim But
Drill Is Usually Piece Dyed.
|
| Drip-dry |
Descriptive Of Textile Materials
That Are Reasonably Resistant To Disturbance Of Fabric Structure And
Appearance During Wear And Washing And Require A Minimum Of Ironing Or
Pressing.
|
| Drop Stitch |
Refers To A Knit Fabric With An Open
Stripe Design At Set Intervals Made By Removing Some Of The Needles.
|
| Dry |
Refers To A Fabric That Feels
Lacking In Surface Moisture Or Natural Lubrication . Cottons Are Often
Said To Feel Dry.
|
| Dry Clean |
To Remove Grease, Oil, And Dirt From
Garments Or Fabrics By Treating Them In An Organic Solvent, As Distinct
From Aqueous Liquors. Examples Of Suitable Solvents Are White Spirit,
Trichloroethylene (trichlorethylene) And Tetrachloroethylene
(perchlorethylene). The Process Was Originally Known As 'french
Cleaning'., Also Termed French Cleaning
|
| Dry Laying |
A Method Of Forming A Fibre Web Or
Batt By Carding And/or Air Laying, Followed By Any Type Of Bonding
Process.
|
| Dry Spinning (man-made Fibre
Production) |
Conversion Of A Dissolved Polymer
Into Filaments By Extrusion And Evaporation Of The Solvent From The
Extrudate.
|
| Dry-combed Top |
A Wool Top Containing Not More Than
1 % Of Fatty Matter Based On The Oven-dry, Fat-free Weight As Tested By
The International Wool Textile Organisation's Method Which Specifies
Soxhlet Extraction With Dichloromethane., ,m Note: The Standard Regain
Of A Dry-combed Top Is 18.25% Based On The Combined Weight Of Oven-dry,
Fat-free Wool And The Fatty Matter.
|
| Drying Cylinder |
Heated, Rotating, Hollow Cylinder(s)
Around Which Textile Material Or Paper Is Passed In Contact With It.
|
| Dry-spun |
(1) Descriptive Of A Worsted Yarn
Produced From A Dry-combed Top Or Of Synthetic Yams Spun On Similar
Machinery., (2) Descriptive Of Coarse Flax Yarn Spun From Air-dry Roving
(cf. Wet-spun ), (3) Descriptive Of Man-made Filaments Produced By
Dry-spinning.
|
| Duchesse Lace |
A Guipure Lace Characterized By
Floral And Leaf Designs With Very Little Ground . Heavier Threads Are
Intertwined To Give Raised Texture. Used In Bridal Veils And Gowns.
|
| Duck |
See Canvas/ Duck.
|
| Dull |
Descriptive Of Textile Materials,
The Lustre Of Which Has Been Reduced.
|
| Dupaluidupallari Top |
Small, Close-fitting Cap Made
Generally Of Muslin, And Consisting Of Two Identical Pieces Cut Slightly
Rounded And Curved Towards The Top.
|
| Dupatta |
Veil-cloth Worn By Women, Draped
Loosely Around The Upper Part Of The Body.
|
| Dupion |
A Silk-breeding Term Meaning
Double-cocoon. Hence, An Irregular, Raw, Rough Silk Reeled From Double
Cocoons.
|
| Dupion Fabric. |
Originally A Silk Fabric Woven From
Doupion Yarns. The Term Is Nowadays Applied To Imitations Woven From
Man-made-fibre Yarns, But It Is Recommended That In Such Contexts The
Name Of The Fibre Is Indicated.
|
| Durable Finish |
Any Type Of Finish Reasonably
Resistant To Normal Usage, Washing, And/or Dry-cleaning
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| Durable Press |
A Finishing Treatment Designed To
Impart To A Textile Material Or Garment. The Retention Of Specific
Contours Including Creases And Pleats Resistant To Normal Usage,
Washing, And/or Dry-cleaning., Note: The Treatment May Involve The Use
Of Synthetic Resin, Which May Be Applied And Cured Either Before Or
After Fabrication Of A Garment, Or, In The Case Of Textiles Composed Of
Heat-settable Fibres, May Involve High-temperature Pressing.
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| Duvetyn |
Medium To Heavy Weight Twill Fabric
With A Soft, Short Nap Covering The Weave. It Has A Sueded, Velvety
Hand. Originally Made Of Wool Or Wool Blends But May Be Of Cotton Or
Other Fibers . Used In Suits, Coats, Millinery.
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| Dye |
A Colorant That Has Substantivity
For A Substrate, Either Inherent Or Induced By Reactants.
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| Dyed & Overprinted |
Refers To Fabrics Which Have Been
First Piece Dyed, Then Printed In Colors That Are Darker Than The Dyed
Ground.
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| Dye-fixing Agent |
A Substance, Generally Organic,
Applied To A Dyed Or Printed Material To Improve Its Fastness To Wet
Treatments.
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