| D |
|
| Dacron |
Du Pont Brand
Of Polyester Fiber.
|
| Damask |
Originally A
Silk Fabric Made In Damascus, Only One Colour, With Patterns Of
Flowers, Branches And Animals In Satin Finish Contrasting With The
Slightly Textured Taffeta Background. Multi-coloured Damasks Are
Called Lampas.
|
Deacetylated
Acetate (fibre) (generic Name)
|
A Term Used To
Describe Fibres Of Regenerated Cellulose Obtained By Almost Complete
De-ethanoylation (deacetylation) Of A Cellulose Ethanoate (acetate). |
| Dead Cotton |
An Extreme Form
Of Immature Cotton With A Very Thin Fibre Wall., Note: Commonly The
Cause Is Excessively Slow Secondary Growth, Resulting In Many Of The
Fibres Having Developed Only A Thin Secondary Wall By The Time The
Boll Opens. It Is Sometimes Caused By Premature 'death' Or Cessation
Of Growth Due To Factors Such As Local Pest Attack, Incidence Of
Some Types Of Disease, Or Curtailment Of The Life Of The Plant
Itself, Resulting In The Death Of The Fibres Before The Full
Potential Secondary-wall Thickening Has Been Reached. Particularly
For Such Fibres There May Be No Secondary Thickening At All. The
Fibres Are Weak, Brittle And Lacking In Twist Or Convolutions,
Become Easily Entangled Into Neps, And Are Generally Lacking In
Lustre, With A 'dead' Appearance, Although Some Fibres Without Any
Secondary Thickening Tend To Stick Together And Show Up As Small
Bundles In Ginned Raw Cotton.
|
| Dead Wool |
Wool Taken From
Sheep That Have Died From Natural Causes
|
| De-aeration |
The Removal Of
All Undissolved Gases And Part Of The Dissolved Gases (chiefly Air)
From Solutions Prior To Extrusion.
|
| Deburring |
A Process In
Wool Yarn Manufacturing For Extracting Burrs, Seeds And Vegetable
Matter From Wool. Deburring Is Carried Out Mechanically By A Burring
Machine.
|
| Decitex |
A Unit Of The
Tex System.
|
| Deco |
Refers To
Designs Which Suggest The Art Deco Style Of The 20's And 30's,
Characterized By Bold Outlines And Streamlined Shapes.
|
| Decrystallised
Cotton |
Cotton Treated
With Reagents Such As Zinc Chloride, Concentrated Caustic Soda
Solutions Or Amines To Reduce The Degree Of Crystallization.
|
| Deep Dyeing |
Descriptive Of
Fibres Modified So As To Have Greater Uptake Of Selected Dyes Than
Normal Fibres, When The Two Are Dyed Together., Degreasing, (1) The
Removal Of Grease, Suint, And Extraneous Matter From Wool By An
Aqueous Or Solvent Process., (2) The Removal Of Natural Fats, Waxes,
Grease, Oil, And Dirt From Any Textile Material By Extraction With
An Organic Solvent., Degree Of Orientation, The Extent To Which The
Macromolecules Composing A Fibre Or Film Lie In A Predominant
Direction In The Case Of Fibres The Predominant Direction Is Usually
The Fibre Axis. Note 1: There Are Several Methods For Assessment Of
The Degree Of Orientation, Of Which Measurement Of Birefringence Is
The Most Usual., Note 2: The Degrees Of Orientation Of Crystalline
And Non-crystalline Regions May Be Evaluated Separately.
|
| Degree Of
Polymerisation (dp) |
The Average
Number Of Repeating Units In The Individual Macromolecules In A
Polymer., Note: In General, This Average Will Depend On The Basis On
Which It Is Calculated, Which Should Stated. For Example, It May Be
Based Upon A Mass (weight) Or A Number Average.
|
| Degumming |
The Removal Of
Sericin ( Silk Gum) From Silk Yarns Or Fabrics, Or From Silk Waste
Prior To Spinning, By A Controlled, Hot, Mildly Alkaline Treatment
Intended To Have Little Effect On The Underlying Fibroin.
|
| Delicate |
Referring To A
Fine, Light Hand With Good Drape.
|
| Delustrant |
A Particulate
Material Added Before Extrusion To Subdue The Lustre Of A Man-made
Fibre. Note 1: The Anatase Form Of Titanium Dioxide Is
Commonly Used For This Purpose. Note 2: Terms Used To Indicate The
Level Of Delustrant In Man-made Fibres Include: Clear, Bright,
Semi-dull, Semi-matt, Dull, Matt, Extra Dull, And Super Dull.
|
| Denier |
The Weight In
Grams Of 9000 Metres Of A Filament Or Yarn Etc. The Denier System
Was Common As The Standard For All Continuous-filament Yarns. Yarns
Spun From Man-made Staple Fibre Were Usually Designated By The Count
System Appropriate To The Method Of Spinning, Although The Fineness
Of Individual Fibres Composing The Spun Yam Was Denoted By Denier.
The Recommended System Is The Tex System With The Unit Of Decitex
For Filament Yarns.
|
| Denim |
A Firm 2/1 Or
3/1 Right Hand Twill Usually With A Colored Warp And White Or
Natural Weft . Commonly Made Of Cotton Or Cotton Blends In A Variety
Of Weights.
|
| Depitching |
The Removal Of
Tar Or Other Branding Substances From Wool, Usually, Though Not
Necessarily, By Solvent-extraction.
|
| Depth |
That Colour
Quality An Increase In Which Is Associated With An Increase In The
Quantity Of Colorant Present, All Other Conditions (viewing, Etc.)
Remaining The Same.
|
| Desizing |
The Removal Of
Size From Fabric.
|
| Detergent |
A Substance
Normally Having Surface-active Properties Specifically Intended To
Cleanse A Substrate.
|
| Detwisted |
Descriptive Of
A Yarn Of Fibres Or Filaments From Which Twist Has Been Removed.
|
| Devantière |
17th Century
Women's Riding Costume Split At The Back.
|
| Developing |
A Step In A
Dyeing Or Printing Process In Which An Intermediate Form Of The
Colorant Is Converted To The Final Form (e.g. Oxidation Of A Vat
Leuco Ester).
|
| Dhila |
Loose Or Baggy.
Thus, A Dhila Payjama, Wide And Roomy All Over.
|
| Dhoti |
The Traditional
Indian Dress For The Lower Part Of The Body, Consisting Of A Piece
Of Unstitched Cloth Draped Over The Hips And Legs. Worn In Various
Ways In Different Parts Of The Country, Alike By Men And Women.
|
| Diacetate
(fibre) |
A Term Used To
Describe Fibres Made From Propanone-soluble (acetone-soluble)
Cellulose Ethanoate (acetate). The Iso Generic Name Is Acetate.
|
| Diamond |
Referring To
Designs Dominated By Diamond Shapes.
|
| Diazotize |
To Convert A
Primary Aromatic Amine Into The Corresponding Diazonium Salt, By
Treatment With Nitric Acid.
|
| Die Swell |
The Increase In
Diameter That Occurs As A Visco-elastic Melt Or Solution Emerges
From A Die Or Spinneret Hole.
|
| Differential
Dyeing |
Usually
Descriptive Of Fibres Of The Same Generic Class, But Having
Potentially Different Dyeing Properties From The Standard Fibre.
|
| Diffusion |
Movement Of
Substance Owing To The Existence Of A Concentration Gradient.
|
| Dimity |
A Lightweight,
Sheer, Plain Weave Fabric Characterized By Lengthwise Ribs.
Sometimes Also With Crosswise Ribs Forming A Check. Commonly Used
For Curtains, Aprons.
|
| Dip |
(1) An
Immersion Of Relatively Short Duration Of A Textile In Liquid., (2)
The Depth Of Liquid In The Inner Cylinder Of A Rotary Washing
Machine., (3) A Laboratory Dyeing, Usually To Develop A Dye Formula,
(u.s.a.).
|
| Direct Dye |
An Anionic Dye
Having Substantivity For Cellulosic Fibres, Normally Applied From An
Aqueous Dyebath Containing An Electrolyte., Direct Spinning, (1)
(man-made Fibre Production) Integrated Polymerization And Fibre
Extrusion Without Intervening Isolation Or Storage Of The Polymer.,
(2) (man-made Fibre Production) The Method Whereby Tow. Is Converted
To Staple Fibre And Spun Into Yarn In An Integrated Operation., (3)
(bast Fibre Production) A Method Of Dry-spinning Bast Fibres Whereby
Untwisted Slivers Are Drafted With Suitable Controls And Directly
Twisted Into Yarn. Gill Spinning And Slip-draft Spinning Systems Are
Particular Forms Of The Method.
|
| Direct
Style |
A Style Of
Printing In One Or Several Colours Where The Dyes Are Applied And
Then Fixed By Ageing Or Other Appropriate Means. The Fabric Is
Usually Initially White But May Sometimes Have Previously Dyed .
|
| Direct
Warping |
The
Transference Of Yarn From A Package Creel Directly On To A Beam.
|
| Direct-spun |
(1) A Term Used
To Describe Filaments Or Yarn Produced By Direct Spinning., (2)
Descriptive Of Woollen Yarns Spun On A Mule Onto Weft Bobbins.
|
| Discharge
(printing) |
To Destroy By
Chemical Means A Dye Or Mordant Already Present On A Substrate To
Leave A White Or Differently Coloured Design.
|
| Discharge
Printed |
A Dyed Fabric
Is Printed With A Chemical Paste That Bleaches Out Or "discharges"
The Color To Allow White Patterns On A Dyed Ground. By Adding A Dye
To The Paste That Is Not Affected By The Chemical It Is Possible To
Replace The Discharged Ground Color With Another Color.
|
| Discharging. |
The Destruction
By Chemical Means Of A Dye Or Mordant Already Present On A Material
To Leave A White Or Differently Coloured Pattern., Note: This Term
Is Also Used To Cover The Removal Of Gum From Silk (see Degumming)
|
| Disperse
Dye |
A Substantially
Water-insoluble Dye Having Substantivity For One Or More Hydrophobic
Fibres, , E.g., Cellulose Acetate, And Usually Applied From Fine
Aqueous Dispersion.
|
| Dispersion
Spinning |
A Process In
Which The Polymers That Tend To An Infusible, Insoluble, And
Generally Intractable Character (e.g., Polytetrafluoroethylene) Are
Dispersed As Fine Particles In A Carrier Such As Sodium Alginate Or
Sodium Xanthate Solutions That Permit Extrusion Into Fibres, After
Which The Dispersed Polymer Is Caused To Coalesce By A Heating
Process, The Carrier Being Removed Either By A Heating Or By A
Dissolving Process.
|
| Dissolving
Pulp. |
A Specially
Purified Form Of Cellulose Made From Wood Tissue.
|
| Distressed |
Describes A
Finish That Disturbs The Surface Of The Fabric, Giving It A Used,
Beaten, Or Uneven Appearance. Often Done Through Sand Or Stone
Washing After The Fabric Has Been Pigment Dyed.
|
| District
Check |
A Category Of
Small Check Designs, Sometimes With Contrasting Overplaids,
Originally Of Scottish Origin. Glen Plaids Are Part Of This
Category.
|
| Dobby |
1. A Fabric
With Small, Repeating Geometric Patterns Woven Into The Surface. 2.
An Attachment To A Loom Which Controls The Harness Allowing The
Weaving Of These Geometric Patterns.
|
| Doeskin |
A Soft Fabric
With A Low, Napped Finish On One Side.
|
Doffing
Tube (rotor Spinning)
|
An Extension To
The Navel To Guide The Withdrawn Yarn From The Rotor. |
| Dolly |
(1) A Machine
In Which Fabric Pieces Sewn End To End Are Circulated Repeatedly
Through A Liquor By Means Of A Single Pair Of Squeeze Rollers Above
The Liquor. , (2) A Machine In Which Lace, Hosiery, Or Knitwears Are
Subjected To The Action Of Free-falling Beaters While Immersed In A
Detergent Solution And Carried In A Moving Rectangular Or
Cylindrical Box., (3) An Open-width Washer, Containing 3-5
Compartments, Originally Used For Dunging Aged Cotton Prints, And
Now Also Used For Any Open-width Washing Where A Shorter Machine
Than An Open Soaper Is Desired.
|
| Dome Shaped |
En Coupole.
Round Table En Guéridon. Oval Paniers À Coudes.
|
| Donegal |
A Plain-weave
Fabric Woven From Woollen-spun Yarns Characterized By A Random
Distribution Of Brightly Coloured Flecks Or Slubs. It Was Originally
Produced As A Coarse Woollen Suiting In County Donegal.
|
| Dope |
A Solution
(spinning Solution) Of Fibre-forming Polymer As Prepared For
Extrusion Through A Spinneret., Note: A Spinning Solution Is Often
Referred To As Dope, A Term Historically Associated With Cellulose
Ethanoate (cellulose Acetate) Solutions As Varnishes.
|
| Dope/solution
Dyed |
Manufactured
Fibers Which Have Been Colored By Dyeing The Polymer Solution Before
It Is Extruded & Spun Into Yarn.
|
| Dope-dyed |
Descriptive Of
Man-made Fibres In Which Colouring Matter (e.g., Dye Or Pigment) Has
Been Incorporated Before The Filament Is Formed.
|
| Doru |
Long Rope With
Which The Thick Woolen Coat Worn By The Gaddis Is Secured Around The
Waist.
|
| Dosuti |
A Hindi Word,
Which Literally Means 'two Threads' Used To Describe The Operation
Of Combining Two Threads Together At A Winding Machine, In Which
Case The Operation Is Known As 'dosuti Winding. When Applied To
Fabric, It Means That Two Warp Ends Are Working In Pairs And That
Two Weft Threads Are Placed In The Same Shed.
|
| Dot |
A Design
Dominated By Circular Spots, Which May Be Of Any Size, Printed Or
Woven Into The Fabric. Small Dots Are Often Called Pin Dots; Medium
To Large Dots May Be Referred To As Aspirin Dots, Coin Dots Or Polka
Dots.
|
| Dotted
Swiss |
A Sheer Fabric
Often A Lawn Or Batiste, Usually Of Cotton Or Cotton Blend, With A
Small Dot Pattern. The Dots Are Usually Woven Into The Fabric But
May Be Flocked Or Printed . Used For Curtains, Children's Clothes,
Dresses.
|
| Double
(yarn) |
See Folded
Yarn, Also Termed Plied Yarn
|
| Double
Cloth |
A Fabric
Consisting Of 2 Layers Woven Together On The Same Loom . The Fabrics
May Be Held Together With Binder Threads Or Interwoven . The 2
Layers Often Are Of Different Patterns, Colors Or Weaves . Used For
Coatings, Sportswear, Blankets, Upholstery.
|
| Double Face |
A Reversible 2
Layer Fabric, Usually With A Different Color Or Pattern On Each
Side. Double Face Is Usually A Double Cloth But Some Reversible
Bonded Fabrics May Be Referred To As Double Face.
|
| Double Knit |
A Weft Knit,
Double Layered Fabric Produced On A Machine With 2 Sets Of Needles.
Double Knits Are Thicker Have More Body And Are More Stable Than
Single Knits. As They Curl, Sag, And Shrink Less Than Single Knits ,
They Are More Suitable For Sportswear And Tailored Garments. They
Usually Are Reversible.
|
Double
Plush Carpets
|
See
Face-to-face Carpets |
| Doublings
(drawing) |
The Number Of
Laps, Rovings, Slivers Or Slubbings, Fed Simultaneously Into A
Machine For Drafting Into A Single End., Note: Doubling Is Employed
To Promote Blending And Regularity.
|
| Doupion |
See Dupion
|
| Doupioni |
1 The
Irregular, Uneven, Rough Silk Taken From Double Cocoons Or
Interlocked Cocoons Which Are Reeled Together. 2. Fabrics With
Characteristic Slubs Made From Doupioni Silk Or Made To Imitate
Doupioni Silk.
|
| Downproof |
A Fabric Which
Resists The Penetration Of Down. The Fabric May Be Closely Woven To
Be Downproof By Nature Or May Be Cired Or Coated To Make It
Downproof.
|
| Draft |
(1) When
Drafting The Degree Of Attenuation Calculated Either As The Ratio Of
The Input And Output Linear Densities, Or As The Ratio Of The
Surface Speeds Of The Output And Input Machine Components Which
Bring About Drafting., (2) To Reduce The Linear Density Of A Fibrous
Assembly By Drawing, Or Drafting.
|
| Drafting |
(1) The Process
Of Drawing Out Laps, Slivers, Slubbings, And Rovings To Decrease The
Linear Density., (2) The Order In Which Threads Are Drawn Through
Heald Eyes Before Weaving.
|
| Drapey |
Refers To A
Fabric With Good Drape, That Is, One That Is Supple And Falls Easily
Into Graceful Folds When Hung Or Tailored.
|
| Draping |
Draping Means
To Hang Or To Adorn The Body Form With Loose Fabric, And To Obtain A
Body Fitted Garment By Using Adequate Sewing Techniques.
|
| Draw (mule) |
The Cycle Of
Operations From The Start Of The Outward Run To The Finish Of The
Inward Run Of The Carriage Of A Spinning Or A Twiner Mule.
|
| Draw
(sampling) |
A Sample Of
Fibres Abstracted Manually From A Bulk Lot Of Raw Material Or Sliver
With A View To Assessing The Length And/or Distribution Of Length Of
Fibre Within The Sample.
|
| Draw
Mechanism (knitting) |
A Mechanism On
A Straight-bar Knitting Machine For Converting Rotary Motion Into
Reciprocating Motion For The Purpose Of Laying The Yarn And Kinking
It Round The Needles.
|
| Draw Pin |
A Stationary
Pin Or Guide, Which By Inducing A Localized Change In Yarn Tension
And/or Temperature May Be Used To Stabilize The Position Of The
Draw-point Or Neck In Some Processes Of Drawing Of Man-made-fibre
Yarns., Note: For The Drawing Of Some Fibre Types, E.g., Polyester,
A Heated Pin May Be Used: With Other Types, E.g., Nylon, The Pin Is
Normally Not Heated.
|
| Draw Ratio |
Machine Draw
Ratio, In A Drawing Process, The Ratio Of The Peripheral Speed Of
The Draw Roller To That Of The Feed Roller.: True Draw Ratio, In A
Drawing Process, The Ratio Of The Linear Density Of The Undrawn Yam
To That Of The Drawn Yam. : Residual Draw Ratio, The Draw Ratio
Required, In Draw Texturing, To Convert A Partially Oriented Yarn
Into A Commercially Acceptable Product. : Natural Draw Ratio, The
Ratio Of The Cross-sectional Areas Of A Filament Before And After
The Neck, When A Synthetic Filament Or Film Draws At A Neck.
|
| Draw Roller |
The Output
Roller Of A Zone In Which Drawing Is Taking Place.
|
| Draw Thread
(knitting) |
A Thread
Introduced In The Form Of One Row Of Loops During Knitting Which, On
Removal, Permits The Separation Of Articles That Are Knitted As A
Succession Of Units Connected Together.
|
| Draw
Threads (lace) |
Removable
Threads Included In The Construction Of Lace Either To Act As A
Temporary Support For Certain Parts Of The Pattern Or To Hold
Together Narrow Widths Or Units That Are Separated Subsequently By
Their Removal.
|
| Draw-beaming |
See
Draw-warping, Also Termed Warp Drawing (USA.)
|
| Draw-down |
In Man-made
Filament Extrusion, The Ratio Of Take-up Or Haul-off Speed To The
Average Speed Of The Spinning Fluid As It Leaves The Spinneret.,
Note: The Terms Spin-stretch Ratio And Extrusion Ratio Are Also
Commonly Used.
|
| Drawing
(staple Yarn) |
Operations By
Which Slivers Are Blended (or Doubled) Levelled, And By Drafting
Reduced To The State Of Sliver Or Roving Suitable For Spinning. In
Cotton Spinning The Term Is Only Applied To Processing At The
Drawframe. Various Systems Of Drawing Are Practised In Modern
Worsted Spinning, But With Machinery Development, And The Greater
Use Of Man-made Staple Fibres, The Differences Are Becoming Less
Distinct. Most Modern Drawing Sets Incorporate Three Passages Of Pin
Drafting And A Roving Process. The Systems Differ Mainly In The
Means Of Fibre Control Between The Major Pairs Of Drafting Rollers
And In The Types Of Output Package.
|
Drawing
(synthetic Filaments And Films)
|
The Stretching
To Near The Limit Of Plastic Flow Of Synthetic Filaments Or Films Of
Low Molecular Orientation., Note: This Process Orients The Molecular
Chains In The Length Direction. |
Drawing,
Cold (synthetic Filaments And Films)
|
The Drawing Of
Synthetic Filaments Or Films Without The Intentional Application Of
External Heat. , Note: Free Drawing Of Filaments Or Films At A Neck
Is Also Referred To As Cold Drawing Even Though This May Be Carried
Out In A Heated Environment. |
Drawing,
Hot (synthetic Filaments And Films)
|
A Term Applied
To The Drawing Of Synthetic Filaments Or Films With The Intentional
Application Of External Heat. |
| Drawing-in |
The Process Of
Drawing The Threads Of A Warp Through The Eyes Of A Heald And The
Dents Of A Reed.
|
| Drawn Yarn |
Extruded Yarn
That Has Been Subjected To A Stretching Or Drawing Process That
Orients The Long-chain Molecules Of Which It Is Composed In The
Direction Of The Filament Axis. On Further Stretching, Such Yarn
Acquires Elastic Extension As Compared With The Plastic Flow Of
Undrawn Yarn.
|
| Draw-spinning |
A Process For
Spinning Partially Or Highly Oriented Filaments In Which The
Orientation Is Introduced Prior To The First Forwarding Or
Collecting Device
|
| Draw-texturing |
A Process In
Which The Drawing Stage Of Man-made-yarn Manufacture Is Combined
With The Texturing Process On One Machine., Note: The Drawing And
Texturing Stages May Take Place In Separate, Usually Consecutive,
Zones Of A Machine (sequential Draw-texturing) Or Together In The
Same Zone (simultaneous Draw-texturing).
|
| Draw-twist |
To Orient A
Filament Yarn By Drawing It And Then To Twist It In Integrated
Sequential Stages.
|
| Draw-warping |
A Process For
The Preparation Of Warp Beams Or Section Beams From A Creel Of
Packages Of Partially Oriented Yarn In Which The Traditionally
Separate Stages Of Drawing And Beaming Are Combined Sequentially On
One Machine., Also Termed Draw-beaming; Warp Drawing (USA.)
|
| Draw-wind |
To Orient A
Filament Yarn By Drawing It, And Then To Wind It On To A Package In
An Integrated Process Without Imparting Twist.
|
| Dress
Muslin |
See Muslin
|
| Dressing
(flax) |
A Combing
Process Applied To Stricks Or Pieces Of Line Flax Fibre To
Parallelize The Strands, Remove Naps Or Bunches Of Entangled Fibres,
And Square The Ends Of The Pieces By Pulling Or Breaking Fibres That
Protrude From The Ends.
|
| Dressing
(lace) |
The Operation
Of Stretching Lace, Net, Or Lace-furnishing Products To Size, Then
Drying, After The Application Of Stiffening Or Softening Agents. The
Stretching And Drying May Be Carried Out On Either A Running Stenter
Or A Stationary Frame.
|
| Dressing
(warp Preparation) |
The Operation
Of Assembling Yarns From A Ball Warp, Beam, Or Chain On A Beam
Immediately Prior To Weaving., Scotch Dressing, (1) (dry Taping;
Scotch Beaming) A Method Of Preparing Striped Warps For Weaving,
Suitable For Use When Long Lengths Of Any One Pattern Are To Be
Woven. Three Operations Are Involved, (a) Splitting-off From Stock
Ball Warps (bleached Or Dyed, And Sized) The Required Number Of
Threads Of The Required Colours,, (b) The Winding Of The Differently
Coloured Warps, Each Onto A Separate 'back' Or Warper's Beam, And,
(c) The Simultaneous Winding Of The Threads From A Set Of Back Beams
Through A Coarse Reed Onto A Loom Beam: (2) (dresser Sizing; Scotch
Warp Dressing) A Method Of Warp Preparation, Used Particular Linen
Industry, Which Incorporates Sizing. Yam In Sheet Form Is Withdrawn
From Two Warper's Beams (one Set At Each End Of The Machine) And
Wound Onto A Loom Beam At A Headstock. Each Half Of The Machine Has
Its Own Size Box And Hot- Air-drying Arrangement., Yorkshire
Dressing, A Method Of Preparing A Striped Warp Beam For A Loom. Four
Operations Are Involved, (a) Splitting-off From Stock Ball Warps
(bleached Or Dyed, And Sized) The Required Number Of Threads Of The
Required Colours,, (b) The Disposition Of These Threads To Pattern
In The Reed With Or Without Ends From Stock Grey Warps,, (c) The
Slow And Intermittent Winding Of The Threads Onto The Loom Beam,
During The Process They Are Tensioned By Means Of Rods And Rollers,
Brushed By Hand, And Kept And In Correct Position And If, As Is
Usual, There Are Two Or Four Ends Per Reed Dent, These Are Further
Separated By Means Of A Rod, And , (d) The Picking Of An End-and-end
Lease. The Process Ensures That In The Warp All Threads Will Be Kept
Parallel, Separated One From Another, In Their Correct Position, And
Correctly Tensioned.
|
| Drill |
A Strong,
Medium To Heavy Weight 2x1 Or 3x1 Warp Faced Twill Usually Of
Cotton. It Is Similar To Denim But Drill Is Usually Piece Dyed.
|
| Drip-dry |
Descriptive Of
Textile Materials That Are Reasonably Resistant To Disturbance Of
Fabric Structure And Appearance During Wear And Washing And Require
A Minimum Of Ironing Or Pressing.
|
| Drop Stitch |
Refers To A
Knit Fabric With An Open Stripe Design At Set Intervals Made By
Removing Some Of The Needles.
|
| Dry |
Refers To A
Fabric That Feels Lacking In Surface Moisture Or Natural Lubrication
. Cottons Are Often Said To Feel Dry.
|
| Dry Clean |
To Remove
Grease, Oil, And Dirt From Garments Or Fabrics By Treating Them In
An Organic Solvent, As Distinct From Aqueous Liquors. Examples Of
Suitable Solvents Are White Spirit, Trichloroethylene
(trichlorethylene) And Tetrachloroethylene (perchlorethylene). The
Process Was Originally Known As 'french Cleaning'., Also Termed
French Cleaning
|
| Dry Laying |
A Method Of
Forming A Fibre Web Or Batt By Carding And/or Air Laying, Followed
By Any Type Of Bonding Process.
|
| Dry
Spinning (man-made Fibre Production) |
Conversion Of A
Dissolved Polymer Into Filaments By Extrusion And Evaporation Of The
Solvent From The Extrudate.
|
| Dry-combed
Top |
A Wool Top
Containing Not More Than 1 % Of Fatty Matter Based On The Oven-dry,
Fat-free Weight As Tested By The International Wool Textile
Organisation's Method Which Specifies Soxhlet Extraction With
Dichloromethane., ,m Note: The Standard Regain Of A Dry-combed Top
Is 18.25% Based On The Combined Weight Of Oven-dry, Fat-free Wool
And The Fatty Matter.
|
| Drying
Cylinder |
Heated,
Rotating, Hollow Cylinder(s) Around Which Textile Material Or Paper
Is Passed In Contact With It.
|
| Dry-spun |
(1) Descriptive
Of A Worsted Yarn Produced From A Dry-combed Top Or Of Synthetic
Yams Spun On Similar Machinery., (2) Descriptive Of Coarse Flax Yarn
Spun From Air-dry Roving (cf. Wet-spun ), (3) Descriptive Of
Man-made Filaments Produced By Dry-spinning.
|
| Duchesse
Lace |
A Guipure Lace
Characterized By Floral And Leaf Designs With Very Little Ground .
Heavier Threads Are Intertwined To Give Raised Texture. Used In
Bridal Veils And Gowns.
|
| Duck |
See Canvas/
Duck.
|
| Dull |
Descriptive Of
Textile Materials, The Lustre Of Which Has Been Reduced.
|
| Dupaluidupallari
Top |
Small,
Close-fitting Cap Made Generally Of Muslin, And Consisting Of Two
Identical Pieces Cut Slightly Rounded And Curved Towards The Top.
|
| Dupatta |
Veil-cloth Worn
By Women, Draped Loosely Around The Upper Part Of The Body.
|
| Dupion |
A Silk-breeding
Term Meaning Double-cocoon. Hence, An Irregular, Raw, Rough Silk
Reeled From Double Cocoons.
|
| Dupion
Fabric. |
Originally A
Silk Fabric Woven From Doupion Yarns. The Term Is Nowadays Applied
To Imitations Woven From Man-made-fibre Yarns, But It Is Recommended
That In Such Contexts The Name Of The Fibre Is Indicated.
|
| Durable
Finish |
Any Type Of
Finish Reasonably Resistant To Normal Usage, Washing, And/or
Dry-cleaning
|
| Durable
Press |
A Finishing
Treatment Designed To Impart To A Textile Material Or Garment. The
Retention Of Specific Contours Including Creases And Pleats
Resistant To Normal Usage, Washing, And/or Dry-cleaning., Note: The
Treatment May Involve The Use Of Synthetic Resin, Which May Be
Applied And Cured Either Before Or After Fabrication Of A Garment,
Or, In The Case Of Textiles Composed Of Heat-settable Fibres, May
Involve High-temperature Pressing.
|
| Duvetyn |
Medium To Heavy
Weight Twill Fabric With A Soft, Short Nap Covering The Weave. It
Has A Sueded, Velvety Hand. Originally Made Of Wool Or Wool Blends
But May Be Of Cotton Or Other Fibers . Used In Suits, Coats,
Millinery.
|
| Dye |
A Colorant That
Has Substantivity For A Substrate, Either Inherent Or Induced By
Reactants.
|
| Dyed &
Overprinted |
Refers To
Fabrics Which Have Been First Piece Dyed, Then Printed In Colors
That Are Darker Than The Dyed Ground.
|
| Dye-fixing
Agent |
A Substance,
Generally Organic, Applied To A Dyed Or Printed Material To Improve
Its Fastness To Wet Treatments.
|
