| F |
|
| Fabric
(textile) |
A Manufactured
Assembly Of Fibres And/or Yarns That Has Substantial Surface Area In
Relation To Its Thickness And Sufficient Mechanical Strength To Give
The Assembly Inherent Cohesion. , Note: Fabrics Are Most Commonly
Woven Or Knitted, But The Term Includes Assemblies Produced By
Lace-making, Tufting, Felting, Net-making, And The So-called
Nonwoven Processes.
|
| Fabric
Length |
Unless
Otherwise Specified, The Usable Length Of A Piece Between Any Truth
Marks, Piece-ends, Or Numbering, When The Fabric Is Measured Laid
Flat On A Table In The Absence Of Tension.
|
| Fabric
Width |
Unless
Otherwise Specified, The Distance From Edge To Edge Of A Fabric When
Laid Flat On A Table Without Tension. In The Case Of Commercial
Dispute The Measurement Should Be Made After The Fabric Has Been
Conditioned In A Standard Atmosphere For Testing . When Buying And
Selling Fabric It Is Normal To Specify The Basis On Which The Width
Is To Be Assessed E.g., Overall, Within Limits, Or Usable Width
(which Implies Within Stenter Pin Marks).
|
| Face-finished
(fabric) |
Descriptive Of
A Finish, For Example, To Wool Fabrics, In Which The Face Side Is
Treated Selectively, As In Raising.
|
| Face-to-face
Carpets |
Carpets
Manufactured As A Sandwich In Which The Pile Is Attached Alternately
To Two Substrates: Two Cut Pile Carpets Are Made By Cutting The Pile
Yarns Between The Two Substrates.
|
| Facing Silk |
A Fine Lustrous
Fabric Of Silk (usually Of Corded Satin, Twill Weave, Or Barathea)
Used For Facing, E.g., Lapels In Men's Evening Wear. (fabrics Of
Other Fibres Are Used For Facing Purposes But Are Not Properly
Described As 'facing Silk'.)
|
| Facings |
Edging Of Fine
Fur Or Rich Cloth, These Trimmings Were Purely For Decoration.
During The Course Of Time The Meaning Changed Towards The
Contemporary Meaning Of Today, The Term Was Extended To Cover All
The Reveres Of The Body Or Sleeves Of A Garment.
|
| Faconne |
A Fabric With
Small Scattered Motifs Usually Jacquard But Sometimes Burn Out.
|
| Façonné
( Faconne ) |
The French Word
For 'figured'. It Is Used In Relation To Textiles To Describe
Jacquard Fabrics With A Pattern Of Small Scattered Figures.
|
| Fad |
Short Lived
Fashion Are Called Fads; They Seldom Have Any Lasting Impact On
Future Fashion. They Are Briefly And Suddenly Seen Everywhere And
Just As Suddenly They Vanish.
|
| Fade |
(1) In Fastness
Testing, Any Change In The Colour Of An Object Caused By Light Or
Contaminants In The Atmosphere, E.g., Burnt-gas Fumes., Note: The
Change In Colour May Be In Hue, Depth Or Brightness Or Any
Combination Of These., (2) Colloquially, A Reduction In The Depth Of
Colour Of An Object, Irrespective Of Cause.: Fallers, (1) Straight,
Pinned Bars Employed In The Control Of Fibres Between Drafting
Rollers., (2) Curved Arms Fixed To Two Shafts On A Mule Carriage And
Carrying The Faller Wires.
|
| Faggoting |
A Openwork
Stripe Effect With Connecting Threads Across The Open Area That
Create A Ladder Effect.
|
| Faille |
A Plain Weave
Fabric Characterized By A Narrow, Crosswise Rib Which Is Usually The
Result Of A Fine Warp Yarn Crossed With A Heavier Weft Yarn. Most
Commonly Made With Filament Yarns But Can Be From A Variety Of
Fibers And Weights. It Usually Has A Soft Hand And A Light Luster
With Good Body And Drape.
|
| Falling
Bands |
Also Known As
Rabat And Hanging Collars; Linen Or Lace Collars (or Combined) With
Two Distinct Ends Hanging Down Over The Chest. The Forerunner Of The
Cravat In The 17th Century. They Were Worn By Both Men And Women.
|
False-twist
Direction
|
The Direction,
S Or Z, Of Twist Generated By A False-twisting Device. |
| False-twisting |
A Twisting
Operation Applied At An Intermediate Position On A Yarn Or Other
Similar Continuous Assembly Of Fibres, So That No Net Twist Can Be
Inserted, As Distinct From Twisting At The End Of A Yarn Where Real
Twist Is Inserted., Note: Real Twisting Necessarily Involves Either
Rotation Of A Yam End, As In Uptwisting Or Downtwisting (see Ring
Twisting), Or The Repeated Passage Of A Thread Loop Around An End,
As Two-for-one~twisting. In False-twisting, A Yarn Normally Runs
Continuously Over Or Through A False-twisting Device Which May Act
At Either A Constant Or Varying Rate. When The Twisting Rate Is
Constant And Equilibrium Has Been Established, The Yarn Passes
Through A Zone Of Added Twist Then, On Leaving The Twisting Device,
Returns To Its Original Twist Level. The Added (false) Twist Level
Is Equal To The Ratio Of The Rotational And Axial Speeds Of The
Yarn. Equilibrium False-twisting Is Utilized In One Method Of Yarn
Texturing Where Thermal Setting Is Carried Out In The Zone Of
Temporary Twist; It Is Also Used To Provide Temporary Cohesion And
Thus Strength In Some Staple-fibre Processing Systems. (see Also
Pin-twisting And Friction-twisting.) The Self-twist (repco) Process
Is An Example Of The Use Of A Varying False-twisting Rate. Static
Elements Such Yarn Guides May, In Certain Circumstances, Generate
Either Equilibrium Or Varying False-twist In Running Yarns.
|
| False-twist-textured
Yarn |
A Continuous
Process In Which A Yarn Is Highly Twisted, Heat-set And Untwisted.
In An Infrequently Used Alternative Method, Two Yarns Are
Continuously Folded Together, Heat-set, Then Separated By Unfolding.
|
| Fancy Yarn |
A Yarn That
Differs From The Normal Construction Of Single And Folded Yarns By
Way Of Deliberately Produced Irregularities In Its Construction.
These Irregularities Relate To An Increased Input Of One Or More Of
Its Components Or To The Inclusion Of Periodic Effects Such As
Knots, Loops, Curls, Slubs Or The Like.
|
| Fargul |
A Kind Of
Jacket.
|
| Farji |
A Kind Of
Jacket. Defined By The Dictionaries As Simply 'a Kind Of Garment',
The Farji Was Possibly A Long Over-garment Without Sleeves, Or With
Very Short Sleeves, Open In Front And Worn Like A Coat Over Pyjama
(q.v.) Or Angarakha (q.v.).
|
| Farshi
Pyjama |
Wide-legged
Pyjama (q. V) That Trails On The Ground, Sometimes Completely
Covering The Feet; Worn Often With A Kurta (q.v.) Or Angarakha
(q.v.).
|
| Fasciated
Yarn |
A Staple Fibre
Yarn That By Virtue Of Is Manufacturing Technique Consists Of A Core
Of Essentially Parallel Fibres Bound Together By Wrapper Fibres. The
Current Technique Of Manufacture Is Often Referred To As Jet
Spinning.
|
| Fashion
Forecast |
To Predict Of
Foretell Future Fashion Tread For A Specific Period Of Time.
|
Fashioned
(weft Knitting)
|
See Shaping |
| Fastness |
The Property Of
Resistance To An Agency Named (e.g., Washing, Light, Rubbing,
Crocking, Gas-fumes)., Note: On The Standard Scale, Five Grades Are
Usually Recognized, From 5, Signifying Unaffected, To 1, Grossly
Changed. For Lightfastness, Eight Grades Are Used, 8 Representing
The Highest Degree Of Fastness.
|
| Fatuhi |
A 'jacket
Without Sleeves'. Generally Understood As A Vest Lightly Padded With
Cotton Wool, And Quilted.
|
| Faux Fur |
A Pile Fabric
Made To Simulate Animal Fur. May Be Woven Or Knit In A Variety Of
Fibers Although Acrylic And Modacrylic Are Most Common.
|
| Faux
Leather |
A Fabric Made
To Imitate Animal Leather . Often A Polyurethane Laminate.
|
| Faux Linen |
A Fabric Made
With Slubbed Yarns To Imitate Linen. Usually Inexpensive, Easy Care
Fabrics.
|
| Faux
Shearling |
Fabrics Made To
Imitate Shearling- The Pelt Of A Sheep With The Wool In Place.
|
| Faux Silk |
A Fabric Of
Manufactured Fiber, Most Commonly Polyester , With Good Drape,
Luster And A Soft Hand To Imitate Silk.
|
| Faux Suede |
See Suede
Cloth/faux Suede.
|
| Faz-vi |
A 'jacket
Without Sleeves'. Possibly The Same Kind Of Garment As Fatuhi
(q.v.).
|
Feed
Roller; Feed Roll
|
A Roller That
Forwards A Yarn To A Subsequent Processing Or Take-up Stage. |
|
Fellmongering |
The Process Of
Pulling Wool From Sheep Skins. (see Also Skin Wool.): Felt, A
Textile Fabric Characterized By The Entangled Condition Of Most, Or
All, Of The Fibres Of Which It Is Composed. Three Classes Of Felt
Can Be Distinguished:, (a) Fabrics With A Woven Or Knitted
Structure;, (b) Pressed Felt, Which Is Formed From A Web Or Batt
Containing Animal Hair Or Wool Consolidated By The Application Of
Heat And Mechanical Action That Causes The Constituent Fibres To Mat
Together;, (c) Needlefelt.
|
| Felt |
1 A Nonwoven
Fabric Made Directly From Fibers Bound Together With Heat, Moisture
And Mechanical Pressure . Usually Some Wool Or Animal Hair Is Used.
2. A Woven Fabric That Has Been Subjected To A Heavy Fulling Process
Which Compresses And Shrinks The Fabric Through Heat And Pressure
Hiding The Weave And Entangling The Fibers.
|
| Felting |
The Matting
Together Of Fibres During Processing Or Wear (see Milling (fabric
Finishing)).
|
| Fiberfill |
Fiber Batting
Used As A Backing In A Quilted Fabric Or In A Sandwich With Other
Fabrics . Used In Outerwear, Bedspreads.
|
| Fibre |
(1) Textile Raw
Material Generally., (2) A Unit Of Matter Characterized By
Flexibility, Fineness, And High Ratio Of Length To Thickness.
|
| Fibre
(flax) |
Flax Cultivated
Mainly For Fibre Production As Distinct From That Cultivated For
Linseed-oil Production.
|
| Fibre
Extent |
See Fibre
Length
|
| Fibre
Length |
(a) Crimped
Length, The Distance Between The Ends Of A Fibre When Substantially
Freed From External Restraint, Measured With Respect To Its General
Axis Of Orientation., (b) Fibre Extent, The Distance Between Two
Planes Which Just Enclose A Fibre Without Intercepting It, Each
Plane Being Perpendicular To The Direction Of The Yarn Or Other
Assembly Of Which The Fibre Forms A Part., (c) Staple Length, A
Quantity By Which A Sample Of Fibrous Raw Material Is Characterized
As Regards Its Technically Most Important Fibre Length., Note: The
Staple Length Of Wool Is Usually Taken As The Length Of The Longer
Fibres In A Hand Prepared Tuft Or 'staple' In Its Naturally Crimped
And Wavy Condition (see Crimp). With Cotton, On The Other Hand, The
Staple Length Corresponds Very Closely To The Modal Or Most Frequent
Length Of The Fibres When Measured In A Straightened Condition., (d)
Span Length, The Extent Exceeded By A Stated Proportion Of Cotton
Fibres, e.g., 2.5% Span Length Is The Length Exceeded By Only 2.5%
Of Fibres By Number.
|
| Fibre
Ultimate |
One Of The Unit
Botanical Cells Into Which Leaf And Bast Fibres Can Be
Disintegrated.
|
| Fibre,
Man-made |
A Fibre
Manufactured By Man As Distinct From A Fibre That Occurs Naturally.
|
| Fibre,
Regenerated |
A Man-made
Fibre Produced From A Naturally Occurring Fibre-forming Polymer By A
Process That Includes Regeneration Of The Original Polymer
Structure.
|
| Fibre,
Synthetic |
A Man-made
Fibre Produced From A Polymer Built Up By Man From Chemical Elements
Or Compounds, In Contrast To Fibres Made By Man From Naturally
Occurring Fibre-forming Polymers.
|
| Fibrid |
A Netted
Filamentary Or Fibrillar Structure, Substantially Longer In One
Dimension Than In The Other Two That Exhibits A Capacity For
Mechanical Entanglement With Other Structures And Much Higher
Water-holding Capacity Than Fibres Produced By Conventional Spinning
Means. Fibrids Are Used As Bonding Elements In The Production Of
Wet-laid Synthetic Papers.
|
| Fibrillae |
Specks Visible
On The Surface Of Silk Yarns.
|
| Fibrillated |
A Finish Which
Causes Tiny Fibrils Or Fibrous Elements To Be Spilt From The Fibers
And Protrude From The Surface Of The Fabric. Results In A Frosted,
Hazy, Laundered Appearance And A Soft Hand. Common On Lyocell
Fabrics.
|
| Fibrillated
Yarn |
A Yarn Produced
By The Process Of Fibrillation.
|
Fibrillated-film
Fibre
|
Staple Fibre
Produced By Cutting, Chopping Or Stretch-breaking Fibrillated Yarn
Or Fibrillated Film Tow. |
| Fibrillated-film
Tow |
An Assembly Of
Fibrillated Textile Films
|
| Fibrillated-film
Yarn |
Yarn Produced
From Fibrillating Film That Has Been Converted Into A Longitudinally
Fibrillated Structure (cf. Polymer Tape).
|
| Fibrillating
Film |
A Polymer Film
In Which Molecule Orientation Has Been Induced By Stretching To Such
A Degree That It Is Capable Of Being Converted Into Yarn Or Twine By
Manipulation, E.g., By Twisting Under Tension Which Results In The
Formation Of A Longitudinally Split Structure (split Fibre).
|
| Fibrillating
Roller |
A Pinned Roller
Used For Fibrillation.
|
| Fibrillation |
The Process Of
Splitting A Longitudinally Oriented Textile Film Or Tape Into A
Network Interconnected Fibres., Note: Processes For Producing
Fibrillation May Be Divided Into Two Groups:, (a) Those Producing
Random Splitting To Give A Relatively Coarse Network, E.g.,
Twisting, And, (b) Those Producing Controlled Splitting To Give A
Relatively Fine Network E.g., By Rapidly Rotating Pinned Rollers.
|
| Fibroin |
The Part Of A
Silk Thread Remaining After The Gum Has Been Discharged.
|
| Fichu |
Large
Neckerchief At The End Of The 18th Century That Was Worn Around The
Neck And Shoulders Together With The Robe À L'anglaise.
|
| Figue |
A Fibre From
The Leaf Of The Plant Furcraea Macrophylla.
|
| Figured
Velvet |
A Velvet Fabric
With A Design In Relief Created By Cutting Or Pressing Of The Pile..
|
| Filament |
A Fibre Of
Indefinite Length
|
| Filament
Blend Yarn |
A Filament Yarn
Which Contains Separate Filaments Of Two Distinct Types, The
Filaments Being More Or Less Randomly Blended Over The Cross-section
Of The Yarn.
|
| Filament
Yarn |
A Yam Composed
Of One Or More Filaments That Run Essentially The Whole Length Of
The Yarn. Yams Of One Or More Filaments Are Usually Referred To As
Monofilament Or Multifilament Respectively.
|
| Filamentation |
A Fibrous Or
Hairy Appearance Due To Broken Filaments On The Surface Of A Yarn
Package Or Fabric.
|
| Filler
(usa) |
A Synonym, Used
In North America, For Weft Yams.
|
| Filler
Fabric. |
A Rubber-coated
Cross-woven Fabric Which Is Placed Around The Bead Section Assembly
Of A Tyre And Serves To Reinforce The Join Between Apex And Casing
Plies. (in All-metallic Radial-ply Tyres This Filler Often Consists
Of A Ply Of Wire Cords)
|
| Filling |
(1)
Non-substantive And Generally Insoluble Materials, Such As China
Clay, Gypsum, Etc., Added To Fabrics Together With Starches Or Gums
During Finishing To Add Weight Or To Modify Their Appearance And
Handle., Note 1: This Term Is Usually Applied Only To Cellulosic
Textiles (see Also Loading). Finishes In Which Starches Or Gums Are
Used Without The Addition Of Insoluble Materials Are Sometimes
Referred To As 'fillings' But Are More Correctly Described As
'assisted Finishes'., Note 2..the Equivalent Term In North America
Is 'filler'., (2) A Synonym, Used In North America, For Weft Yams
(see Weft)., (3) See Wadding Thread.
|
| Finish |
A Term Used
Broadly In The Paint, Paper, Printing Ink, Leather, Plastics And
Textile Industries To Include The Added Materials, The Finishing
Processes Employed, And The Final Result., (1) A Substance Or
Mixture Of Substances Added To A Substrate At Any Stage In The
Process To Impart Desired Properties., (2) The Type Of Process,
Physical Or Chemical, Applied To A Substrate To Produce A Desired
Effect., (3) Such Properties, E.g., Smoothness, Drape, Lustre, Gloss
Or Crease Resistance Produced By (1) And/or (2) Above., (4) The
State Of The Substrate As It Leaves A Previous Process., (5) The
Quality Or Appearance Of A Paint Or Printing-ink Film., (6) To Apply
Or Produce A Finish
|
| Finish |
Perfection With
Which The Garment / Fabric Is Completed.
|
| Firm |
Refers To A
Fabric With A Relatively Solid, Compact Texture, Good Body And
Reduced Drape.
|
| Fishnet |
A Wide, Coarse,
Relatively Heavy Mesh Used In Apparel And Trimming.
|
| Fixation
Accelerator |
A Product Added
To A Finishing Formulation To Speed Up, Or Lower The Temperature
Required For, Chemical Reaction.
|
| Flame
Resistant |
Refers To A
Fabric Which Will Burn Only When The Source Of The Flame Remains
Lit, And Will Quickly Self Extinguish When The Source Is Removed.
Standards For Flame Resistance Are Generally Set According To The
End Use Of The Fabric. Flame Resistance May Be The Result Of The
Nature Of The Fiber Or Of A Chemical Finish Put On The Fabric.
|
| Flame
Stitch |
A Zig Zag
Design That Suggests A Flame.
|
| Flannel |
An All-wool
Fabric Of Plain Or Twill Weave With A Soft Handle. It May Be
Slightly Milled And Raised.
|
| Flannel |
A Light To
Medium Weight Woven Fabric With A Soft, Slightly Napped Surface .
Expensive Flannels Of Wool And Wool Blends Are Usually Napped And
Fulled Whereas Less Expensive Flannels Of Cotton And Other Fibers
Are Usually Just Napped.
|
| Flannelette |
A Fabric Made
From Cotton Warp And Soft-spun Cotton Weft, The Fabric Being
Subsequently Raised On Both Sides To Give An Imitation Of The True
Woollen Flannel. The Weave May Be Plain, Plain With Double-end Warp,
Or Twill., Note 1: It May Be Woven Grey And Dyed Or Printed, Or It
May Be Woven From Dyed Yarns., Note 2.. Fibres Other Than Cotton Are
Sometimes Present In The Weft Yarn. If These Exceed 7% They Are
Named In The Description, E.g., Cotton-rayon Flannelette.
|
| Flannelette |
A Lightweight
Fabric Usually Of Cotton With A Nap On One Side.
|
| Flash
Curing |
See Curing
|
| Flash
Spinning |
A Modification
Of The Accepted Dry-spinning Method In Which A Solution Of A Polymer
Is Extruded At A Temperature Well Above The Boiling Point Of The
Solvent Such That On Emerging From The Spinneret Evaporation Occurs
So Rapidly That The Individual Filaments Are Disrupted Into A Highly
Fibrillar Form.
|
| Flash-spun
Fabric |
A Nonwoven
Formed From The Fine Fibrillation Of A Film By The Rapid Evaporation
Of Solvent And Subsequent Bonding During Extrusion.
|
| Flat Fabric |
A
Two-dimensional Woven Or Knitted Fabric That Has No Pile Loops.
|
| Flat
Knitting Machine |
A Weft-knitting
Machine Having Straight Needle Beds Carrying Independently Operated
Latch Needles., Note 1: Rib Machines (v-type) Have Two Needle Beds,
Which Are Opposed To Each Other In Inverted-v Formation., Note 2:
Purl Machines Have Two Needle Beds Horizontally Opposed In The Same
Plane.
|
| Flat Metal
Yarn |
A Yarn
Consisting Of One Or More Continuous Lengths Of Metal Strip Or
Incorporating One Or More Continuous Length(s) As A Major
Component., Note1: A Notable Example Is A Singles Metal Yarn In
Banknotes, Which May Be O.50mm (0.020in.) Wide And 0.08 Mm (0.003
In.) Thick. For This Purpose, It Must Be Without Twist, I.e., Flat
Throughout Its Length In The Banknote. Analysis Of The Metal Is
Proof Of The Authenticity Of A Banknote., Note2: Twist Inserted In
Flat Metal Yarns May Form Irregular Facets, Which Reflect Light
Accordingly To Give Decorative Effects In Fabrics
|
| Flat Screen
Printed |
In Screen
Printing A Separate Screen Is Created For Each Color . The Open Mesh
Part Of The Screen Corresponds To The Area To Be Printed In That
Color. The Areas Where Color Is Not To Pass Through Are Blocked. Dye
Paste Is Forced Through The Open Mesh Area With A Squeegee. The
Fabric Is Then Moved Or The Screen Replaced To Allow Printing Of The
Next Color. In Flat Screen Printing The Screens Are In The Form Of
Flat Panels, The Width Of Which Is The Same As The Repeat Of The
Pattern. Flat Screen Printing Allows For Greater Flexibility Than
Rotary Printing As The Panel Size Can Often Be Adjusted To Various
Repeat Sizes.
|
| Flat
Setting |
The Setting Of
Fabric At Open-width. The Term Is Particularly Used In The Finishing
Of Woven Wool Fabrics, Where Setting Is Usually Effected By Steaming
Under Pressure.
|
| Flat Yarn |
(1) Descriptive
Of Full Drawn Continuous-filament Yarns Substantially Without Twist
And Untextured (see Also Twistless Yarn.), (2) A Synonym For Straw |
| Flax |
(1) Plants Of
The Species Linum Usitatissimum Cultivated For The Production Of
Fibre, Or Seed And Fibre., (2) Fibre Extracted From Flax Plants.
|
| Flax Fibre
Bundle |
One Of The
Aggregates Of Ultimate Fibre That Run From The Base Of The Stem Up
To The Top Of The Branches Of Flax Straw. They Are Each Composed Of
Large Numbers Of Ultimate Fibres Overlapping Each Other.
|
| Flax Fibre
Strands |
Flax Fibres
After Removal From The Plant, Consisting In The Cross-section Of
More Than One Ultimate Fibre.
|
| Flax Tow |
Short Flax
Fibres That Are Removed During The Scutching Or Hackling Processes:,
(a) Rug Tow: Short Flax Fibre Removed During Scutching And
Containing Extraneous Woody Material;, (b) Re-scutched Tow: Short
Fibre Which Has Been Cleaned In A Tow-scutching Apparatus, (c)
Machine Tow: Short Fibre Which Has Been Removed From Scutched Long
Flax During The Hackling Process.
|
| Flax Yarn
Bundle |
The Standard
Length By Which Wet-spun Flax Yarns Are Bought And Sold. The
'bundle' Traditionally Contained 60000 Yards (about 55000 M) Of
Yarn.
|
Flax, Green
(obsolescent)
|
Scutched Flax
Produced From Deseeded Straw Without Any Intermediate Treatment Such
As Retting. |
Flax, Line
(obsolescent)
|
Hackled Flax |
| Flax-spun |
A Term Applied
To Staple Yam That Has Been Prepared And Spun On Machinery
Originally Designed For Spinning Yarns From Flax.
|
| Fleece |
A Fabric With A
Thick, Soft Nap Or Pile Resembling Sheep's Wool. Commonly A Knit
Which Has Been Brushed And Sheared But May Be Woven.
|
| Fleece |
The Woolly
Covering Of A Sheep Or Similar Animal.
|
| Fleece Wool |
Any Wool As
Shorn From A Living Sheep. The Term Is In Use To Distinguish This
Wool From Other Forms Such As Skin Wool.
|
| Fleecy |
Resembling A
Wool Fleece In Appearance And Handle, Or Descriptive Of Fabrics
Having A Fine, Soft, Open, And Raised Structure.
|
| Fleecy
Fabric (weft-knitted) |
A Weft-knitted
Fabric Composed Of Three Separate Yarns; A Ground Yarn Of Normal
Count, A Finer Binding Yarn, And A Thicker Fleecy Yarn Which Is Held
Into The Fabric At Close Intervals By The Binding Yarn. The Fleecy
Yarn Appears On The Back Of Plain-knitted Fabric And Presents An
Ideal Surface For Brushing Or Raising.
|
| Flock |
A Material
Obtained By Reducing Textile Fibres To Fragments As By Cutting,
Tearing, Or Grinding. There Are Two Main Usages:, (a) Stuffing
Flock: Fibres In Entangled Small Masses Or Beads, Usually Of
Irregular Broken Fibres, Obtained As A By-product, As, For Example,
In The Milling, Cropping, Or Raising Of Wool Fabric, And Mainly Used
For Stuffing, Padding, Or Upholstery., (b) Coating Flock: Cut Or
Ground Fibres Used For Application To Yarn, Fabric, Paper, Wood,
Metal, Or Wall Surfaces Prepared With An Adhesive (see Also
Electrostatic Flocking).
|
| Flock
Printed |
A Method Of
Printing Resulting In Short Fibers, Rather Than Color, Being Applied
In A Design To The Surface Of The Fabric . The Fabric May Be Printed
With An Adhesive And The Fiber Dusted Onto It, Or The Fibers May Be
Contained In The Adhesive, Or The Fibers May Be Applied
Electrostatically To Hold Them Erect.
|
| Flock
Printing. |
A Method Of
Fabric Ornamentation In Which Adhesive Is Printed On And Then Finely
Chopped Fibres Are Applied All Over By Means Of Dusting-on, An
Air-blast, Or Electrostatic Attraction. The Fibres Adhere Only To
The Printed Areas And Are Removed From The Unprinted Areas By
Mechanical Action.
|
| Flocked |
A Method Of
Applying Short Fibers Rather Than Color To The Entire Surface Of The
Fabric . The Fabric May Be Printed With An Adhesive And The Fiber
Dusted, Onto It ,or The Fibers May Be Contained In The Adhesive Or
The Fibers May Be Applied Electrostatically To Hold Them Erect.
|
| Flocked
Carpets |
Carpets
Manufactured By Applying Short Chopped Lengths Of Fibre (flock) To
An Adhesive-coated Backing Fabric. The Application Is Usually
Carried Out Electrostatically.
|
| Flocks
(wool) |
Waste Fibres
Obtained From Wool During The Different Finishing Processes.
|
| Floral |
Refers To
Design Motifs Dominated By Flowers.
|
| Flounce |
A Band Of Cloth
Or Lace Fluting Around A Garment To Which It Is Attached Only By Its
Upper Edge.
|
| Fluff |
Lint Or Fluff
That Has Accumulated On A Knitting Machine And Become Incorporated
In The Fabric.
|
| Fluff Ball |
See Lint Ball
|
| Fluidity |
A Measure Of
The Ease With Which A Fluid Flows; Numerically The Reciprocal Of
Viscosity. The Unit Of Fluidity Is The Reciprocal Pascal Second
(pa-1 S-1)., Note: The Fluidity Of Dilute Solutions Of Polymers Is
Inversely Related To The Polymer Molecular Weight And, For Certain
Fibre-solvent Systems, May Be Used As An Indicator Of Polymer
Degradation.
|
Fluorescent
Brightener
|
See Optical
Brightener
|
Fluorescent
Whitening Agent
|
See Optical
Brightener
|
| Fluorofibre
(fibre) (generic Name) |
A Term Used To
Describe Fibres Composed Of Linear Macromolecules Made From
Fluorocarbon Aliphatic Monomers. |
| Fly |
Fibres That Fly
Out Into The Atmosphere During Processing.
|
| Flyer
Spinning |
A Spinning
System In Which Yarn Passes Through A Revolving Flyer Leg Guide On
To The Package. The Yarn Is Wound-on By Making The Flyer And
Spinning Package Rotate At Slightly Different Speeds
|
| Flyshot
Loom |
A Multi-piece
Loom For Weaving Narrow Fabrics In Which Each Shuttle Is Knocked
Through The Open Shed By Means Of A Peg Fixed In A Slide. The Term
Is Also Sometimes Applied To Single-head Narrow-fabric Looms.
|
| Foam
Bonding |
A Method Of
Making Nonwoven Fabrics In Which A Fibre Web Or Batt Is Treated By
The Application Of A Liquid In The Form Of A Foam.
|
| Foam
Laminated |
A Layer Of Foam
Usually Polyurethane, Pvc Or Latex Is Bonded To The Fabric With
Adhesive Or Fused To The Fabric With Heat. Generally Results In A "breathable"
Fabric. Used For Footwear , Outerwear And Carpet Backings.
|
| Foambacked
Fabric |
A Combined
Fabric Usually Having Two Layers, One Of Which Is Of Cellular
Plastics Material.
|
| Fold |
See Folded Yarn
|
| Folded
Yarn; |
A Yarn In Which
Two Or More Single Yarns Are Twisted Together (fold) In One
Operation, E.g., Two-fold Yarn, Three-fold Yarn, Etc., Note: In Some
Sections Of The Textile Industry, E.g., The Marketing Of
Hand-knitting Yams, These Yarns Are Referred To As Two-ply,
Three-ply, Etc.
|
| Folk Weave |
A Term Applied
To Any Construction Which, When Used In Loosely Woven Fabrics Made
From Coarse Yams, Gives A Rough And Irregular Surface Effect.
Coloured Yarns Are Commonly Used To Produce Weftway And/or Warpway
Stripes.
|
| Fontange |
A Bow On A
Ladies' Headdress Worn In The Late 17th And Early 18th Centuries,
Named After The Duchesse De Fontanges. The Term Is Often Incorrectly
Applied To The Whole Headdress.
|
Forehead
Cloth Or Cross Cloth
|
16th And 17th
Century Term For A Band Covering The Front Of A Woman's Head. It Was
Often Triangular.
|
| Forte Of A
Garment |
Means The
Strong Point Of The Garment
|
| Foulard |
See Padding
Mangle
|
| Foulard |
1. A
Lightweight, Lustrous, Soft 2x2 Twill Fabric Usually Found Printed .
Used In Neckties Scarves Dresses. 2. Small All Over Geometric Print
Design Usually On A Plain Solid Ground Typical Of Those Found On
Neckties.
|
| French
Clean |
See Dry Clean
|
| French
Terry |
A Knit Jersey
With Loops On One Side. Sometimes Napped To Make Fleece.
|
| Frey |
Threads Which
Come Out From The Fabric During Handling.
|
| Friction
Calendering |
See Calendaring
|
| Friction
Spinning |
A Method Of
Open-end Spinning Which Uses The External Surface Of Two Rotating
Rollers To Collect And Twist Individual Fibres Into A Yarn. At Least
One Of The Rollers Is Perforated So That Air Can Be Drawn Through
Its Surface To Facilitate Fibre Collection. The Twisting Occurs Near
The Nip Of The Rollers And, Because Of The Relatively Large
Difference Between The Yam And Roller Diameters, High Yarn
Rotational Speeds Are Achieved By The Friction Between The Roller
Surface And The Yarns.
|
| Friction-twisting |
The Generation
Of False-twist ( See False-twisting) By A Device In Which The Yarn
Lies In Contact With One Or More Surfaces Of High Friction Driven In
A Direction At Substantial Angle To The Yarn Axis. In Practice,
Friction Disks, Belts Or Bushes Are Commonly Used
|
| Frieze |
A Pile Fabric
With The Loops Left Uncut . Usually The Loops Are Sheared To Various
Heights To Form A Pattern. Used Widely For Upholstery And
Slipcovers.
|
| Frisons |
The First Waste
Obtained In The Process Of Reeling Silk Cocoons. It Is Composed Of
The Tangled Beginning Of The Silk Filament That Is Removed By The
Reeler Up To The Point When The Filament Begins To Reel Properly.
|
| Fugitive
Tint |
A Colorant For
Application To Textile Materials For Their Identification During
Handling. The Colorant Must Be Removed Easily During Normal Textile
Scouring Or Dyeing Procedures.
|
| Fuji |
A Lightweight,
Plain Weave Fabric Originally Of Silk But Now Usually Of Polyester
Bi-component Yarn Which Gives The Appearance Of A Subtle Texture On
The Surface . Used In Blouses, Dresses.
|
| Fujiette |
A Medium Weight
Fabric With A Filament Yarn Warp And A Spun Yarn Weft . Usually It
Has A Fine Crosswise Rib. Commonly Found In Rayon And Blends Of
Acetate And Rayon . Used In Blouses, Dresses.
|
| Fulled |
See
Milled/fulled.
|
| Full-fashioned;
Fully-fashioned |
Terms Applied
To Knitted Fabrics And Garments That Are Shaped Wholly Or In Part By
Widening And/or Narrowing By Loop Transference To Increase Or
Decrease The Number Of Wales.
|
| Fusibles |
Refers To A
Fabric, Usually A Nonwoven, That Can Be Bonded To Another Fabric
With Heat And Pressure . Used As Interlinings To Give Body And Shape
To A Fabric.
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