| M |
|
| Machine-washable |
A Term
Denoting That A Textile Article Can Be Washed In A Domestic Washing
Machine To Remove Dirt And Other Extraneous Substances Using An Aqueous
Detergent Solution At Elevated Temperatures.
|
| Madapolam |
A Bleached Or
Dyed Plain Cotton Fabric With A Soft Finish In Any Of A Wide Range Of
Qualities Used For Ladies Wear.
|
| Madras |
Cotton Fabric
Hand-woven In The Madras Region Of India.
|
| Madras Plaid |
Bright
Multicolored Plaids Characteristic Of Indian Madras.
|
| Maline |
A Fine
Hexagonal Open Mesh Net Similar To Tulle. Used For Veils Millinery Trim.
|
| Mandeel |
A Kind Of
Decoratively Worn Turban.
|
| Mangle |
A Machine
Whose Purpose Is To Express Liquid From Moving Textiles By Passage
Through A Nip. The Textile May Be In Rope Form Or In Open Width, And The
Mangle May Consist Of Two Or More Rollers (bowls) Running In Contact.
|
| Manila |
See Abaca.
|
| Man-made Fibre |
A Fibre
Manufactured By Man As Distinct From A Fibre That Occurs Naturally.
|
| Mantua, Also Manteau |
Widespread
Female Dress Of The Late 17th Century. Developed From A T-shaped
Garment, Which Is First Pleated Informally At The Shoulders And The
Waist Pleats Are Controlled By A Belt. Instead Of Cutting The Bodice And
Skirt As Separate Pieces That Were Sewn Together, Bodice And Skirt Were
Cut In One Length From Shoulder To Hem. Cut To Fall Full In Back And
Front, The Garment Was Worn Over A Corset And An Underskirt. Front Skirt
Edges Were Often Pulled To The Back And Fastened To Form A Draped
Effect, The So-called Waterfall-backdrape.
|
| Marl |
To Run
Together And Draft Into One, Two Slubbings Or Rovings Of Different
Colour Or Lustre.
|
| Marl Effect Yarn
(continuous-filament) |
Two Single,
Continuous-filament Yarns, Of Different Solid Colours Or Dyeing
Properties (subsequently Dyed) Doubled Together., Also Termed Ingrain
(filament Yarn)
|
| Marl Yarn (woollen) |
A Yarn
Consisting Of Two Woollen-spun Single Ends Of Different Colours Twisted
Together.
|
| Marlborough Bucket Boot |
Thigh-high
Riding Boot With Cup-shaped Wide Top, Square Toes And Higher Heels Than
The Jackboot. Made From Stiff Leather; Fourth Quarter Of 17th Century To
Beginning Of 18th Century.
|
| Marled |
Yarns Made Up
Of 2 Different Colors, Produced By Combining Fiber Strands (rovings) Of
2 Different Colors, Or Twisting Together 2 Yarns Of Different Colors, Or
By Cross Dyeing Plied Yarns Of 2 Different Fibers.
|
| Marocain |
A Woven Crepe
Fabric With A Wavy Rib Effect In The Weft Resulting From The Use Of High
Twist Yarns. Used In Women's Dresses, Suits.
|
| Marquisette |
Fine
Lightweight Open Mesh Fabric. Used For Curtains, Mosquito Netting, Trim
For Evening Wear, Or Millinery.
|
| Mashru |
A Fabric Woven
Of Silk And Cotton, The Warp Of One Material And The Weft Of The Other.
Literally, 'that Which Is In Accordance With The Shara, Muslim Holy Law,
Which Disapproves Of An Arel Made Of Silk.
|
| Mask |
Theatrical
Accessory In Ancient Times, It Was Adopted In The 16th And 17th Century
By Women, To Protect The Wearer's Complexion And Preserve Her Incognito.
See Also Vizor.
|
| Mass Stress |
A Term That
Has Been Superseded By Specific Stress.
|
| Mass-coloured |
Descriptive Of
Man-made Fibres In Which Colouring Matter (e.g., Dye Or Pigment) Has
Been Incorporated Before The Filament Is Formed.
|
| Mass-pigmented |
Descriptive Of
A Form Of Mass-coloration In Which A Pigment Is Used
|
| Matchings |
Wool That Has
Been Sorted.
|
| Matelasse |
A Fancy Double
Woven Or Compound Fabric That Has The Appearance Of Being Padded,
Puckered Or Quilted . It Is Usually Woven On A Jacquard Loom. Used For
Upholstery , Drapery, Vests . Lighter Weights Are Used For Dresses And
Other Apparel.
|
| Matt |
See Dull.
|
| Matte Jersey |
Tricot With A
Dull Surface Made With Fine Crepe Yarn.
|
| Mature Cotton |
Cotton Whose
Fibre Wall Has Thickened To An Acceptable Degree., See Also Immature
Cotton, Motes
|
| Maturity |
An Important
Cotton Fibre Characteristic Which Expresses The Relative Degree Of
Thickening Of Wall. It Is Sometimes Defined As The Ratio Of The
Cross-sectional Area Of The Fibre Wall To The Area Of A Circle Having
The Same Perimeter As That Of The Fibre, Or The Ratio Of The Average
Wall Thickness To The Radius Of The Circle Having The Same Perimeter As
That Of The Fibre. However, In Practice, Measurement Of The Degree Of
Wall Thickening Is Seldom Carried Out And The Average Maturity Of A
Given Sample Of Cotton Is Estimated By One Or More Of Several Indirect
Tests Which Are Often Used To Discover The Proportion Of Fibres Having A
Maturity Greater Than Some Selected Level.
|
| Mauritius Hemp |
A Fibre From
The Leaf Of The Plant Furcraea Gigantea., Also Termed Mauritius Fibre,
See Also Fibre Types
|
| Mechanical Stretch |
Fabrics That
Have Stretch Properties But No Not Use Spandex Or Other Stretch Yarns.
The Stretch Is Usually Created In The Finishing Process.
|
| Mechlen Lace |
A Bobbin Lace
Characterized By Delicate Florals Outlined With A Silky Thread.
|
| Medulla |
The Central
Portion Of Some Animal Fibres Consisting Of A Series Of Cavities Formed
By The Medullary Cells Which Collapse During The Growth Process. In Some
Fibres E.g., Wool And Kemp, The Medulla Forms The Greatest Portion Of
The Fibre And Is Surrounded By A Comparatively Thin Layer Of Cortex.
|
| Melange/heather |
A Variation In
Tone Or Mottled Look . May Be Done By Mixing Fibers Or Yarn Of Different
Colors Together, Printing Of The Top Before Spinning The Yarn, Or Cross
Dyeing The Fabric.
|
| Melt Blowing |
A Process In
Which A Polymer Is Melt-extruded Through A Die Into A High-velocity
Stream Of Hot Air, Which Converts It Into Fine And Relatively Short
Fibres. After Quenching By A Cold Air Stream, The Fibres Are Collected
As A Sheet On A Moving Screen.
|
| Melt Fracture |
An Unstable
Melt-spinning Condition In Which The Surface Of The Extrudate Becomes
Rough And Irregular.
|
Melt Spinning (man-made Fibre
Production)
|
Conversion Of
A Molten Polymer Into Filaments By Extrusion And Subsequent Cooling Of
The Extrudate. |
| Melton |
A Heavily
Felted, Tightly Woven Fabric With A Sheared Nap Giving It A Smooth
Surface. It Is Almost Always Of Wool Or A Wool Blend. Used Mainly For
Coats But Lighter Weights May Be Used For Other Apparel.
|
| Melt-spun |
Descriptive Of
Man-made Filaments Produced By Melt-spinning.
|
| Mercerization |
(1) The
Treatment Of Cellulosic Textiles In Yam Or Fabric Form With A
Concentrated Solution Of Caustic Alkali Whereby The Fibres Are Swollen,
The Strength And Dye Affinity Of The Materials Are Increased, And The
Handle Is Modified. The Process Takes Its Name From Its Discoverer, John
Mercer (1844)., The Additional Effect Of Enhancing The Lustre By
Stretching The Swollen Materials While Wet With Caustic Alkali And Then
Washing Off Was Discovered By Horace Lowe (1889). The Modern Process Of
Mercerization Involves Both Swelling In Caustic Alkalis And Stretching,
To Enhance The Lustre, To Increase Colour Yield, To Improve Dyeability
Of Dead Cotton And To Improve The Strength Of The Cotton. A Related
Process, Liquid Ammonia Treatment Produces Some Of The Effects Of
Mercerization. In Chain Mercerizing, Shrinkage In Fabric Width Is
Allowed, Followed By Re-stretching And Washing On A Clip-stenter. In
Chainless Mercerizing, The Fabric Is Effectively Prevented From
Shrinking By Transporting Over Rotating Drums.:(2) Hot Mercerization,
The Treatment Of Cellulosic Fabric With A Hot Concentrated Solution Of
Caustic Alkali To Facilitate Uniform Penetration Prior To Cooling And
Stretching Etc., So As To Improve The Degree Of Mercerization.
|
| Mercerized |
A Finishing
Process For Cotton Using Caustic Soda Which May Be Applied At The Yarn
Or Fabric Stage Resulting In Additional Luster, Improved Strength And An
Improved Ability To Take Dye.
|
| Merchant Converter |
An Individual
Who Or An Organization Which Locates A Supplier And Purchases Grey
Fabric, Procures Its Finishing And Then Re-sells The Finished Fabric To
Customers.
|
| Merino |
(1) Wool From
Merino Sheep. The Merino Breed Of Sheep Originated In Spain And The Wool
Is Noted For Its Fineness And Whiteness. It Was Confined To Spain Until
The Late 1700's When Merino Sheep Were Exported To, And Bred In, Many
Other Countries. Well Known Types Of Merino Are: Australian Ramboulliet,
Vermont, South African, Saxony Etc. The Word 'merino' Is Now Almost
Synonymous With 'fine Wool'., (2) A Pre-20th Century Term Applied In
France And Germany To Worsted Fabrics Produced From Yarns Using Merino
Or Other Fine Wools., (3) A Plainback Worsted Fabric Developed In
England In The 1820's. It Was Made From Fine Yarns Spun From Merino Or
Other Fine Wools Of 23 To 28 Tex For The Warp And 17 To 22 Tex For The
Weft. The Stimulus For The Development Of This Fabric Was The
Availability Of Fine Machine-spun Worsted Yarn, (4) Woollen Fabrics Made
In England From Yams Produced From Wool Reclaimed From Soft Woollen And
Worsted Dress Goods., (5) A French Shawl Made From Two-fold Warp Yam
Using Merino Wool. The Weft Yarn Is Made From Other Wool Or Silk., (6) A
Fine Cotton Fabric Used As A Dress Material In The Philippines. It Is
Made From Yarns Of 13 Tex For The Warp, And 15 To 10 Tex For The Weft
With 32 Ends X 32 Picks Per Cm.
|
| Merino |
Refers To Wool
From The Merino Sheep Which Produces A Fine, Strong Elastic Fiber Of
Very High Quality . It Can Be Washed To A Clean White Color And Has Good
Felting And Spinning Characteristics.
|
| Mesh |
A General Term
For Fabric With Open Spaces Between The Yarns. It May Be Knit , Woven Or
Knotted (net) In Construction.
|
| Mesta |
See Kenaf
|
| Metachrome Process |
A Single-bath
Method Of Dyeing In Which The Fibre Is Treated In A Dyebath Containing A
Suitable Chrome Dye Together With A Chromate, Whereby A Dye-chromium
Complex Is Formed Within The Fibre.
|
Metal (fibre) (generic Name)
|
A Term Used To
Describe Fibres Made From Any Metal. |
| Metallic |
A Highly
Lustrous, Reflective Fabric That Has The Appearance Of Metal. May Be
Coated Or Made From Synthetic Yarns In Metallic Colors.
|
| Metallized Yarn |
A Yam Which
Has Free Metal As A Component., Note: There Are Several Types, The Best
Known Of Which Are:, , (2) Metal Of Narrow Strip Section, Usually
Lustrous. The Metal May Be Coated With Film Such As Viscose Cellulose
Ethanoate (acetate), Butanoate (butyrate), Or Polyester. The Film May Be
Coloured. , (3) Yarns On Which Metal Is Deposited, E.g., Chemically Or
By Electric Arc, Or By Adhesive,, (4) Multi-end Yams In Which At Least
One Single Yarn Is Metallic, (cf. Tinsel Yarn.), (5) A Gimp In Which The
Helical Covering Consists Of A Metallic Or Laminated Strip.
|
| Metameric |
Descriptive Of
Objects That Exhibit Metamerism.
|
| Metamerism |
A Phenomenon
Whereby The Nature Of The Colour Difference Between Two Similarly
Coloured Objects, Changes With Change In The Spectral Distribution
(characteristics) Of The Illuminant., Note 1: Metamerism Is Most
Frequently Seen When Two Coloured Objects Match In Daylight, But Differ
Markedly In Colour When Viewed In Tungsten-filament Light. This Arises
Because The Visible Absorption Spectra Of The Two Objects Differ
Significantly, Although The Tristimulus Values In Daylight Are
Identical., Note 2: This Term Is Often Used Loosely To Describe The
Behavior Of A Single Coloured Object That Shows A Marked Change Of
Colour As The Illuminant Changes. Use Of This Term In This Way Is
Incorrect: This Effect Should Be Described As Lack Of Colour Constancy.
|
| Metier |
The Bank Of
Cells Or Compartments Used In The Dry-spinning Of Cellulose Ethanoate
(cellulose Acetate)
|
| Microfiber |
Extremely Fine
Synthetic Fiber Used To Produce Soft, Lightweight Fabrics . Microfiber
Is Often Defined As Fibers Of Less Than 1 Denier Per Filament But The
Term Is Used Loosely In The Industry. May Be Polyester, Nylon, Acrylic,
Rayon Or Other Fibers. Used For Rainwear, Outerwear And Various Other
Types Of Apparel.
|
| Micromattique |
Brand Of
Polyester Microfiber Trademarked By Du Pont.
|
| Micronaire Value . |
A Measurement
Of Cotton Fibre Quality Which Is A Reflection Of Both Fineness And
Maturity. Low Values Indicate Fine And/or Immature Fibres; High Values
Indicate Coarse And/or Mature Fibres. Micronaire Value Is Determined In
Practice By Measuring The Air Permeability Of A Specified Plug Of Cotton
Fibres.
|
| Milanese |
A Warp Knit
Process Resulting In A Fabric With A Fine Rib On The Face And A Diamond
Effect On The Back. Used For Women's Lingerie And Other Apparel.
|
| Mildew |
A Superficial
Growth Of Certain Species Of Fungi., Note: On Textile Materials, This
May Lead To Discoloration, Tendering, And Variation In Properties.
|
| Milled/fulled |
A Method Of
Compressing , Shrinking And Felting A Fabric Through The Use Of Moisture
Heat And Mechanical Pressure. Usually Done On Wool And Wool Blends Such
As Melton. The Process Often Obscure The Weave.
|
| Milling (fabric Finishing) |
The Process Of
Consolidating Or Compacting Woven Or Knitted Fabrics That Usually,
Although Not Exclusively Contain Wool., Note., The Treatment, Which Is
Usually Given In A Cylinder Milling Machine Or In Milling Stocks,
Produces Relative Motion Between The Fibres Of A Fabric. That Have Been
Wetted Out And Swollen With A Liquid Of Suitable pH. Depending On The
Type Of Fibre And Structure Of The Fabric And On Variations In The
Conditions Of Milling, A Wide Range Of Effects Can Be Obtained Varying
From A Slight Alteration In Handle To A Dense Matting With Considerable
Reduction In Area.
|
| Millitex |
A Unit Of The
Tex System
|
| Mini Check |
A Very Small
Pattern Of Squares Or Rectangles . May Be Yarn Dyed, Printed, Or Woven
Into The Fabric. |
| Minimum-care |
See Drip-dry
|
| Mirzai |
A Kind Of
Jacket, Often Understood As A 'quilted Coat'. It Was Generally Worn
Sleeveless Over A Shirt As Outer Garment; Worn Sometimes Also Next To
The Skin, Without Anything Underneath It.
|
| Mock Leno |
A Woven Fabric
Made On A Dobby Loom With An Open Mesh Design That Simulates A Leno
Weave By Interlacing And Grouping The Warp And Weft Yarns With Spaces
Between The Groups. Warp Yarns Are Not Paired As In A True Leno Weave.
|
| Modacrylic (fibre) (generic
Name) |
Fibres
Composed Of Synthetic Linear Macromolecules Having In The Chain Between
35% And 85% (by Mass) Of Recurring Cyanoethane (acrylonitrile) Groups.
|
| Modal (fibre) (generic Name) |
A Term Used To
Describe Fibres Of Regenerated Cellulose Obtained By Processes Giving A
High Tenacity And A High Wet Modulus. These Fibres Must Be Able, In The
Wet State, To Withstand Without Breaking A Force Of 22.o Cn Per Tex.
Under This Force, The Elongation In The Wet State Should Not Be Greater
Than 15%.
|
| Modeste |
French Word
For The Outer Layer Of A Skirt. The Underlayer Was Called Secrète.
|
| Mohair |
(1) Fibre From
The Angora Goat (capra Hircus), (2) Descriptive Of Yams Spun From
Mohair.
|
| Mohair Braid |
Any Type Of
Braid Made From Mohair Yams.
|
| Moire |
A Wavy
Watermark Pattern Produced By Calendering 2 Layers Of Fabric Together Or
Embossing With An Engraved Roller. This Causes The Embossed Or Crushed
Parts Of The Fabric To Reflect Light Differently . It Is Often Done On
Corded Fabrics And Is Often Used For Upholstery And Drapery.
|
| Moiré Fabric |
A Ribbed Or
Corded Fabric That Has Been Subjected To Heat And Heavy Pressure By
Rollers After Weaving So As To Present A Rippled Appearance. The Effect
Arises From Differences In Reflection Of The Flattened And The
Unaffected Parts. This Type Of Fabric Is Also Correctly Described As
Watered
|
Moisture Content, Percentage
|
The Weight Of
Moisture In A Material Expressed As A Percentage Of The Total Weight |
| Moity Wool |
A Term Used
Mainly In The Uk, For Wool Containing Vegetable Matter (straw, Hay,
Twigs, Etc.,) Picked Up By Sheep During Grazing.
|
| Molar Mass (polymer) |
The Average Of
The Sum Of The Atomic Weights Of The Atoms Present In The Chains Of
Macromolecules In A Polymer. This Average Will In General Depend Upon
The Basis On Which Calculated, And This Should Be Stated, E.g., It May
Be Based On A Number Average Or A Mass Average
|
| Moleskin |
A Strong,
Heavy, Woven Fabric With A Short, Smooth Nap Produced By Brushing And
Shearing The Surface. Usually Of Cotton.
|
| Molten-metal Dyeing Process |
A Method Of
Continuous Dyeing In Which Material Is Impregnated With An Aqueous
Liquid Dye And Chemicals And Then Passed Through A Bath Of Liquid
Low-melting Alloy Usually Below 100 °c
|
| Momme |
A Japanese
Measurement Of Mass Equivalent To 3.76g (approximately). It Is Used To
Indicate The Weight Per Unit Area Of Silk Fabric, This Being Expressed
As The Weight In Momme Of A Length Of Degummed Fabric 22.8 M In Length
And 3.8 Cm In Width., Note: The Length Measurements Used Are Standard
Units Of Length In The Japanese Silk Industry.
|
| Monk's Cloth |
A Heavy,
Coarse, Loosely Woven Fabric Made In A Basket Weave . Used For Drapery,
Upholstery And Other Home Furnishings
|
| Monofilament Yarn |
A Yam Composed
Of One Filaments That Run Essentially The Whole Length Of The Yarn. Yams
Of More Than One Filament Are Usually Referred To As Multifilament .
|
| Monomer |
A Small,
Simple, Chemical Compound From Which A Polymer Is Formed., Note: In Most
Cases A Given Polymer Can Be Made From A Variety Of Alternative
Monomers. In Some Cases Two Or More Different Monomers Are Involved In
The Production Of A Polymer.
|
| Monotone |
Refers To A
Design In One Color.
|
| Moquette |
A Firm Double
Woven Pile Fabric Used Mainly For Upholstery . Pile May Be Cut , Uncut
Or Partially Cut.
|
| Mordant |
A Substance,
Usually A Metallic Compound, Applied To A Substrate To Form A Complex
With A Dye, Which Is Retained By The Substrate More Firmly Than The Dye
Itself.
|
| Mordant Dye |
A Dye That Is
Fixed With A Mordant
|
| Moshla |
A Cap, Worn
Usually By Children, Covering, Apart From The Back, The Back Of The Neck
Through A Long, Suspended Flap.
|
| Moss Crepe/pebble Crepe |
A Woven Fabric
With A Characteristic Grainy Surface And Often A Spongy Hand. Generally
Made With High Twist Yarn In A Crepe Weave. Used In Women's Suits,
Dresses Etc.
|
| Mossed |
1. A Finish
Usually Applied To Synthetics Which Gives The Fabric Surface An
Irregular, Mottled Appearance . 2. A Fibrous Texture On The Surface Of
Felted Woolen Fabrics.
|
| Motes (cotton) |
There Are Two
Broad Categories, (a) Fuzzy Motes, The Largest Of This Type Of Mote
Consists Of Whole Aborted Or Immature Seed With Fuzz Fibres And
Sometimes Also With Very Short Lint Fibres, The Development Of Which Has
Ceased At A Very Early Stage. Small Fuzzy Motes Originate As Either
Undeveloped Or Fully Grown Seeds, Which Are Broken In Ginning And
Disintegrate Still Further In The Opening, Cleaning And Carding
Processes., (b) Bearded Needles. A Piece Of Seed Coat With Fairy Long
Lint Fibres Attached., Note 1: Both Classes Of Mote Become Entangled
With The Lint Cotton And, When They Are Present In Quantity, Their
Complete Elimination Is Impossible Except By Combing., Note 2: Fuzzy And
Bearded Motes Carrying Only A Small Piece Of Barely Visible Seed-coat
Are Frequently Termed Seed-coat Neps.
|
| Mottle (U.K.) |
See Marl
|
| Mouches |
French Word
For Small Black Patches Worn On The Face To Hide Little Blemishes. They
Came Into Fashion In The Second Half Of The 17th Century And Developed
Far Into The 18th Century A Language Of Its Own, Where They Were
Exaggeratedly Used Even By Men And Available In Diverse Shapes.
|
| Mousseline |
General Term
For Crisp, Lightweight, Semi-opaque Fabrics . May Be Made From A Variety
Of Fibers.
|
| Muff |
Round Band Of
Fur Or Fur Lined Cloth To Protect The Hands From The Cold.
|
| Muga |
See Wild Silk
|
| Mughlai Pyjama |
A Pyjama (q.
V.) Of The 'mughal' Cut.
|
| Mull |
Soft, Thin,
Plain Weave Fabric Usually Of Cotton Or Silk.
|
| Multi-filament Yarn |
A Yam Composed
Of Filaments That Run Essentially The Whole Length Of The Yarn. Yams Of
One Filament Are Usually Referred To As Monofilament .
|
| Multilobal |
Descriptive Of
A Fibre Or Filament Whose Cross-section Resembles A Polygon But Has
Concave Sides And Rounded Vertices (lobes)., Note: The Prefixes Tri-
(3), Penta- (5), Hexa- (6), Octa- (8), Etc., Are Used With The Suffix
-lobal To Indicate The Number Of Lobes.
|
| Munga |
See Wild Silk
|
| Mungo |
The Fibrous
Material Made In The Woollen Trade By Pulling Down New Or Old Hard-woven
Or Milled Fabric Or Felt In Rag Form
|
| Muslin |
A Large Group
Of Plain Weave Cotton Or Cotton Blend Fabrics. They Cover A Variety Of
Weights From Light, Fine Sheers To Heavier Sheetings. Used In
Interfacings, Dresses, Shirts, Sheets, Furniture Covers, And Many Other
Applications .
|
| Muslin |
A Generic Name
For A Light-weight, Open Fabric Of Plain Or Simple Leno Weave
Traditionally With A Cover Factor Of 5- 10 In The Warp And 5-9 In The
Weft. Normally, Muslins Did Not Exceed 2 Oz/yd2 (68 G.m-2)). Some Of
These Fabrics Are Used In The Grey State (butter Muslin And Cheese
Cloth), Whereas Others (dress Muslins) Are Bleached And Dyed.
|
| Mutton Cloth |
A
Plain-knitted Fabric Of Loose Texture, Usually Cotton, Made On A
Multi-feeder Circular-knitting Machine.
|
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