| P |
|
| Paan-shaped |
Of The Shape Of
A Betel-leaf.
|
| Pack
(man-made Fibre Spinning) |
A Replaceable
Assembly, Usually Comprising Filter Media, Spreader Plates, And One
Or More Spinnerets
|
| Pack Dyeing |
A Method Of
Dyeing In Which The Liquor Is Circulated Through The Goods. Note:
The Use Of The Term 'pressure Dyeing In This Connection Is
Deprecated.
|
| Package
Dyeing |
A Method Of
Dyeing In Which The Liquor Is Circulated Radially Through A Wound
Package.
|
| Pad |
Abbreviated
Form Of Padding Mangle Or Padding. Note:. It Is Often Used In
Conjunction With Other Process Terms To Describe Sequential
Operations In Dyeing, Or Finishing, E.g., Pad-bake, Pad-batch,
Pad-dry, And Pad-steam. It Is Occasionally Used Also To Describe
Processes Carried Out On A Padding Mangle As Opposed To Batchwise
Treatment padder
|
| Padding |
Impregnation Of
A Substrate With A Liquor Or A Paste Followed By Squeezing, Usually
By Passage Through A Nip, To Leave A Specific Quantity Of Liquor Or
Paste On The Substrate.
|
| Padding
Mangle |
A Form Of
Mangle For The Impregnation Of Textiles In Open Width In Which The
Textile Is Passed Through One Or More Nips. The Textile May Be
Saturated Before Passing Through The Nip, Or Impregnating Liquid May
Be Carried As A Film On The Surface Of One Of The Bowls Forming The
Nip.
|
| Pagri |
Turban.
|
| Pyjama |
Trouser-like
Garment, Worn On The Lower Part Of The Body Alike By Men And Women.
Literally, 'leg-clothing'. The Pyjama Was Worn In Many Cuts And
Shapes, Much Variation Being Seen In Respect Of Girth, Length,
Tightness, Material, Etc.
|
| Pairhaniphiran |
Loose
Cloak-like Shirt Reaching Down To The Feet. Very Popular As An
Article Of Wear In Kashmir Where It Was Made Mostly Of Woolen Cloth.
|
| Paisley |
A Design
Originating In Asia, Traditionally In A Teardrop Shape With A
Curving Point Containing And Surrounded By Many Small Abstract And
Geometric Designs.
|
| Palatine |
Little Fur
Stole Which Takes Its Name From The Princess Palatine Who, During
The Hard Winter Of 1676, Wore A Fur As A Cravat.
|
| Pan (fibre) |
A Term Used To
Describe Fibres Composed Of Synthetic Linear Macromolecules Having
In The Chain At Least 85% (by Mass) Of Recurring Cyanoethene
(acrylonitrile) Groups.
|
| Panama |
A Plain Weave
Fabric Traditionally Of Cotton Or Wool. Used For Summer Suitings And
Dresses.
|
| Paniers |
Underskirts
Stretched Over Metal Hoops Which Appeared Around 1718-20 In France
And Remained In Fashion Under Various Forms Until The French
Revolution.
|
| Panne |
A Fabric Which
Has Had The Surface Flattened By Heavy Roller Pressure Giving It
Luster . Often Done On Pile Fabrics, Knits, Or Satins.
|
| Panne
Velvet |
A Lightweight
Velvet That Has Had The Pile Flattened In One Direction.
|
| Pantholops
Hogsoni |
See Shahtoosh
|
| Pantofles |
Female Heelless
Slippers Or Mules Worn During The 17th Century, But Getting Even
More Fashionable Toward The End Of The Period. They Were Made From
Brocade And Embroidered Leather.
|
| Paper Yarn |
A Yarn
Consisting Of One Or More Continuous Lengths Of Paper Strip, Or A
Yam Incorporating One Or More Continuous Lengths Of Paper Strip As A
Major Component. Note1.. Paper In Normal Widths Is Wound Into Rolls
Of Substantial Length, And Cut Or 'slit' Into Strips Ranging From
0.5 Mm Wide Upwards. By Appropriate Treatment (which May Include
'turning-over' The Edges Or The Application Of Adhesives Or Water Or
Both), Strips Are Twisted Sufficiently To Make A Round-section,
Tubular Form Of Yam. Coloured Paper Mat Be Used. Note 2: Single
Paper Yarns May Be Doubled, And One Or More Twisted With Textile
Yarn(s) Around A Core Yarn.
|
| Paper-like |
Refers To
Fabric With A Crisp, Noisy Hand That Suggests Paper.
|
| Parachute
Cloth |
Lightweight,
Strong, Compact Fabric Used For Outerwear, Luggage And Parachutes.
|
| Parallel
Line Gratings. |
Transparent
Plates Containing Uniformly Spaced Parallel Lines In The Cross-wise
Direction. It Is Possible To Determine The Number Of Threads Per
Unit Length (cm Or Inch) In A Fabric By Selecting An Appropriate
Grating And Placing It Parallel To A Set Of Threads. The Number Of
Lines Appearing On The Grating Indicates The Difference Between The
Total Number Of Lines On The Grating And The Total Number Of Threads
In The Area Covered By The Grating. By Placing A Grating At A Small
Angle To A Set Of Threads, Irregularities In Their Spacing Can Be
Detected.
|
| Parchmentizing |
A Finishing
Treatment, Comprising A Short Contact With, E.g., Sulphuric Acid Of
High Concentration, Whose Aim Is To Produce A Variety Of Effects,
Depending On The Type Of Fabric And The Conditions Used Ranging From
A Linen-like Handle To A Transparent Organdie Effect. The Treatment
Is Applied Mainly To Cotton. Reagents Other Than Sulphuric Acid Will
Also Produce The Effect.
|
| Partially
Oriented Yarn - Poy |
A
Continuous-filament Yam Made By Extruding A Synthetic Polymer So
That A Substantial Degree Of Molecular Orientation Is Present In The
Resulting Filaments, But Further Molecular Orientation Is Possible.
Note.1, The Resulting Yarn Will Usually Require A Positive
Draw-ratio In Subsequent Processing In Order To Orient Fully The
Molecular Structure And Optimize Tensile Properties. Note 2: Yarns
Of This Type Made By High-speed Spinning Are Commonly Used As A
Feedstock For Producing Draw-textured Yarns.
|
| Passacaille |
Fashionable
Dance (passacaglia), Whose Name Was Given To The Cord Attaching The
Muff To The Waist During Louis Xiv's Reign.
|
| Passement |
Originally This
Was The Name For All Kinds Of Lace In The 16th And 17th Centuries.
No Matter If It Was Made From Linen Threads, Silk Or Metal.
Gradually, The Name Dentelle Was Given To Lighter Work Made With
Shuttles Or Needle, While Passement Developed Into Passementerie
Which Describes All Kinds Of Woven Ornament.
|
| Patchwork |
Various Colors
Or Designs Combined Together In One Design . May Be Print Or Yarn
Dye.
|
| Patka |
A Girdle Or
Kamarband, Worn Usually Over Pyjama (q.v.), And Often Very Sumptuous
And Decorative.
|
| Peach Skin |
A Soft, Sueded
Finish Resulting From Sanding Or Chemical Treatment Of The Fabric.
|
| Peached |
A Soft Sueded
Hand That Suggests The Downy Skin Of A Peach.
|
| Pearlized
Coating |
A Fabric
Coating With A Surface Luster Suggestive Of A Pearl . Used A as Face
For Outerwear Fabrics.
|
| Pearls |
Referring To
Fabric Embellished With Pearls.
|
| Peau De
Soie |
A French Term,
Meaning Literally 'skin Of Silk' Applied Originally To A Fine Silk
Fabric In A Modified Weave That Had A Ribbed Or Grained Appearance
And Was Sometimes Reversible. The Term Nowadays Includes Fabrics
Made From Man-made Fibre Yams. It Is Recommended That In Such
Contexts The Name Of The Fibre Should Be Indicated.
|
| Pebble
Crepe |
See Moss Crepe/
Pebble Crepe.
|
| Pebbly |
Refers To A
Fabric Surface With A Grainy, Crepey Texture.
|
| Percale |
A Smooth,
Closely Woven, Plain Weave Fabric Often Of Cotton. Often Used As A
Print Cloth For Apparel And Sheets.
|
| Percentage
Cover |
Cover Factor As
A Percentage Of The Maximum Possible For A Particular Weave
Structure
|
Percentage
Moisture Content
|
The Weight Of
Moisture In A Material Expressed As A Percentage Of The Total Weight |
| Perch |
(1)a Manually
Or Mechanically Operated Contrivance Consisting Of A System Of
Rollers Over Which Fabric Is Drawn At Open Width For The Purpose Of
Inspection. (2) To Inspect Fabric In A Vertical (hanging) Position
Or At An Angle Inclined Upwards Away From The Source Of Light. Note:
The Inclined Position On A Manual Perch Is Obtained By Holding The
Fabric Forward When Required. On A Mechanical Perch The Angle Is
Fixed By A Low Front Roller. The Purpose Of Perching Is To Inspect
The Product At Different Stages Of Manufacture And Processing.
|
| Perforated/punched |
Holes Or Small
Motifs Are Punched Out Of The Fabric With A Metal Roller Forming A
Design Or Pattern.
|
| Permanent
Press |
A Deprecated
Alternative To Durable Press.
|
| Permanent
Set |
The Process Of
Conferring Stability Of Form Upon Fibres, Yarns, Or Fabrics, Usually
By Means Of Successive Heating And Cooling In Moist Or Dry
Conditions.
|
| Peshwaz |
Long Gown-like
Dress, Consisting Essentially Of A Choli (q.v.) Worn Rather High To
Which A Front-opening Skirt Is Attached. The Garment Was Worn At An
Early Point By Men, Too, But Is Essentially To Be Regarded As
Women's Apparel. Worn With Much Refinement And Elegance 'on
Occasions Of Household Festivals'. Literally, "front-opening".
|
| Petia |
An Apron-like
Piece Of Cloth Attached To The Lower End Of A Choli (q.v.) Or
Kanjari (q.v.) And Hanging Down So As To Partially Cover The
Stomach.
|
| Petite Oie |
Set Of Ribbons
Which, In The Mid 17th Century, Was Used To Trim Men's Suits And
Which Became Very Large When Petticoat Breeches Were Worn.
|
| Petite
Point |
A Small,
Slanting, Needlepoint Stitch That Form Even Lines Of A Solid
Background . Used For Pillows, Slipcovers.
|
| Petticoat
Breeches, Also Rhinegraves |
Fashionable In
Mid 17th Century To Around 1675, Either A Skirt-like Construction Or
A Divided Skirt With Full, Wide Breeches And Attached Canons
Underneath. The Legs Were Loose And Flowing.
|
| Pfleidering |
The Process Of
Shedding Pressed Alkali-cellulose In A Machine Named A Pfleiderer,
After Its Inventor.
|
| Phormium
Tenax |
See New Zealand
Flax Or Hemp, Although Now Grown In Other Countries.
|
| Photodegradation |
Degradation
Caused By The Absorption Of Light Or Other Radiation And By
Consequent Chemical Reactions. Ultra-violet Radiation Is An
Especially Potent Cause.
|
| Phulkari |
Literally, "flowered
Work". Term Used For A Type Of Embroidery Practiced By Women In
The Punjab For Head-veils And Other Garment-pieces. The Embroidery
Is Worked In Floss-silk Upon Coarse Cotton Cloth, In Darning Stitch
Over Counted Threads, Being Worked From The Back Of The Fabric.
|
| Pick |
To Pass The
Weft Through The Warp Shed In Weaving.
|
| Picklock
Wool |
A Term Used In
Wool-sorting, Mainly In The UK., For Second-best Sorts From Fleeces.
|
| Picotage |
A Speckled
Effect On The Surface Of A Pile Fabric Owing To Differential Light
Reflection From Tips Of Tufts.
|
| Piece
(flax) |
The Small
Handful That Is The Unit Of Scutched Flax
|
| Piece
Dyeing |
Dyeing In
Fabric Form.
|
| Piece Glass |
See Counting
Glass
|
| Piece; |
A Length Of
Fabric Of Customarily Accepted Unit Length. Note: A Frequent
Contract Practice Is For The Purchaser To Specify A Minimum Piece
Length Below Which No Pieces Will Be Accepted. Alternatively, A
'cut-through' Allowance Is Specified, The Seller Has To Make In The
Case Of All Pieces Less Than The Specified Figure. The Reason For
Such Practices Is The Greater Liability To Waste In Cutting Out From
Short-length Pieces Than Standard-length Pieces. The Term 'piece' Is
Applied At All Stages Of Fabric Manufacture Although Often
Qualified, E.g., Grey Piece, Or Loomstate Piece, The Qualification
Is Understood In Commercial Practice.
|
| Piece-goods |
Fabric Sold By
Or From The Piece.
|
| Pieces |
Small Bunches
Of Wool Staple Taken During Sorting From Various Fleeces And Sold In
Lots.
|
| Pierced
Cocoons |
Cocoons From
Which The Moths Have Been Allowed To Emerge So That They May
Reproduce.
|
| Pigment |
A Substance In
Particulate Form That Is Substantially Insoluble In A Medium, But
Which Is Mechanically Dispersed In This Medium To Modify Its Colour
And/or Light-scattering Properties
|
| Pigment
Dyed |
An Insoluble
Colorant Is Applied To The Fabric As A Paste Or Emulsion, Heat Cured
And Bound To The Fabric With Resins Or Binders. The Curing Process
Can Be Controlled So The Color Will Fade After Washing, Giving The
Garments A Used Worn Look.
|
| Pigment
Padding |
The Application
Of An Aqueous Dispersion Of A Pigment To A Fabric By Padding., Note:
Lt Is Commonly Used To Describe The First Stage Of A Process For The
Application Of Vat Dyes To Fabrics, Followed By Fixation Of The Vat
Dye Through Its Leuco Form. It Is Also Used In The Application Of
Resin-bonded Pigments.
|
| Pigment
Printed |
An Insoluble
Colorant Is Printed On The Fabric As A Paste Or Emulsion, Heat Cured
And Bound To The Fabric With Resins Or Binders. Allows For The
Printing Of Fabrics With Fiber Blends That Would Be Otherwise
Difficult Or Expensive To Print.
|
| Pigtail |
A Yarn-guide In
The Form Of A Short Open-ended Helix.
|
| Pile |
A Surface
Effect On A Fabric Formed By Tufts Or Loops Of Yarn That Stand Up
From The Body Of The Fabric., Note: Originally Nap And Pile Were
Used Synonymously, But The Present Trend Of Using The Two Terms For
Different Concepts Is To Be Encouraged As Providing A Means Of
Differentiating And Avoidance Of Confusion.
|
| Pill;
Pilling |
Small
Accumulations Of Fibres On The Surface Of A Fabric. Pills Can
Develop During Wear, And Are Held To The Fabric By An Entanglement
With The Surface Fibres Of The Material
|
| Pima Cotton |
A Fine Long
Staple Cotton, Originally Derived By Crossing American And Egyptian
Species. Named For Pima County Arizona. Used In Fine Shirtings And
Dress Fabrics.
|
| Pin
Drafting |
Any System Of
Drafting, (e.g. Gilling), In Which The Direction Of The Fibres
Relative To One Another In A Sliver Is Controlled By Pins.
|
| Pincord/pinwale |
Fabric With A
Very Narrow Wale Or Rib. Used In Describing Piques, Corduroys Or
Other Ribbed Fabrics. Also Called Baby Cord.
|
| Pineapple
Fibre |
A Fibre From
The Leaf Of The Plant Acanas Comosus, Capable Of Being Processed
Into Fine Fabrics.
|
| Pinpoint
Oxford |
An Oxford Weave
Fabric Using Fine Yarns Resulting In A Small Oxford Texture. Usually
Cotton . Used For Fine Shirtings.
|
| Pinstripe |
A Design Using
Fine Line Vertical Stripes, Usually Light Color Stripes On A Dark
Ground.
|
| Pique |
A Fabric
Characterized By A Prominent, All-over Geometric Texture. It Is Most
Commonly Woven On A Dobby Loom But It Is Also Produced As A Double
Knit. The Most Common Textures Are Cords ( Either Vertical Or
Horizontal) , Birdseye, Waffle, Honeycomb And Bullseye. Produced In
A Variety Of Weights And Fibers.
|
| Pirn; |
(1) A Support,
Slightly Tapered, With Or Without A Conical Base, On Which Yarn Is
Spun Or Wound For Use As A Weft.(2) The Weft Package Wound On The
Support Defined In (1). (3) A Relatively Long But Narrow Package Of
Yarn Taken Up On A Cylindrical Former During Draw-twisting Of
Continuous Filament Yarns.
|
| Plaid |
A Pattern Of
Stripes And Bars That Cross Each Other At Right Angles.
|
| Plain
Stitch |
A Knitting
Stitch That Shows A Series Of Lengthwise Ribs On The Face( From The
Neck Of The Yarn Loops), And Cross Wise Loops On The Back ( From The
Head Of The Yarn Loops).
|
| Plain Weave |
The Simplest
Form Of Weaving In Which A Pick ( Filling Yarn) Passes Over The
First End ( Warp Yarn), Under The Second And On Continuously, Over
One End And Under The Next. The Next Pick Alternates , Passing Under
The First End, Over The Second , And On Continuously Under And Over
Each End . Each Filling Row Alternates, Thus Extending The Fabric.
Also Called A One Up One Down Weave.
|
| Planchette |
French Word For
Boned And Stiffened Corset.
|
| Plied |
Refers To A
Yarn Consisting Of 2 Or More Single Yarns Twisted Together.
|
| Plisse |
A Fabric With A
Puckered Or Pleated Effect Resulting From Printing The Fabric With
Caustic Soda . The Printed Part Of The Fabric Shrinks, Causing The
Unprinted Part To Pucker.
|
| Plumpers |
Small Balls Of
Wax That Were Placed In The Cheeks By Some Women To Give The Face A
Fashionable Rounded Shape From 1660-1700.
|
| Plush |
1. A Fabric
With A Thick Cut Pile, Used In Apparel, Draperies, Upholstery,
Stuffed Toys . May Be Woven Or Knit. 2. Brushed Or Sheared Fabrics
Are Also Sometimes Referred To As Plush.
|
| Plush Hand |
Refers To A
Thick, Resistant, Soft Luxurious Hand.
|
| Pockets |
Even In The
17th Century Were The Pockets Still A Small Independent Bag Attached
To The Gusset. It Is Only With The Appearance Of The Justaucorps
That Pockets Are To Be Found, Usually Vertical At First, Then Mostly
Horizontal (from The 1680s Onwards). Women's Pockets, In The 18th
Century, Were Attached On A String And Worn Over The Panier, To Be
Reached By A Slit On Both Sides Of The Dress.
|
| Point De
Neige |
Soft And Fine
Lace With A Small Design ("snow Flake"), Fashionable At
The End Of The 17th Century.
|
| Point
D'esprit |
A Machine Made
Net With Small All-over Dots.
|
| Pointelle |
A Knit Fabric
With A Pattern Of Holes Or Openings Made By Using Transfer Stitches.
|
| Polished
Cotton |
A Cotton Fabric
With A Luster. The Luster May Be Due To The Weave (often Satin), Or
From Application Of A Calendered Finish, Or Both. The Degree Of
Luster Can Be Moderate Or Bright.
|
| Polishing |
The Treatment
Of Tanned Skins, Or Of Fabrics, Particularly Pile Fabrics, To
Increase Luster By Mechanical Means, Without Compressing The
Material.
|
| Polishing
(yarn) |
Operation(s)
For Conferring On Yams A Relatively High Degree Of Smoothness Of
Surface.
|
| Poly(vinyl
Alcohol) |
A Term Used To
Describe Fibres Composed Of Synthetic Linear Macromolecules Of
Polyethenol (poly Vinyl Alcohol) Of Differing Levels Of
Acetalization. The Iso Generic Name Is Vinyl.
|
| Polyacrylonitrile
Fibre; Pan Fibre |
A Term Used To
Describe Fibres Composed Of Synthetic Linear Macromolecules Having
In The Chain At Least 85% (by Mass) Of Recurring Cyanoethene
(acrylonitrile) Groups.
|
| Polyamide |
A Synthetic
Linear Polymer In Which The Linkage Of The Simple Chemical Compound
Or Compounds Used In Its Production Takes Place Through The
Formation Of Amide Groups, E.g.,
|
| Polyamide
(synthetic Fibre) (generic Name) |
A Term Used To
Describe Fibres Composed Of Synthetic Linear Macromolecules Having
In The Chain Recurring Amide Groups, At Least 85% Of Which Are
Attached To Aliphatic Or Cyclo-aliphatic Groups. , Note.. This
Limited Definition Was Introduced By Iso In 1977 As A Consequence Of
The Creation Of A Separate Class For Aramid Fibres.
|
| Polyamide,
Natural (fibre) |
Natural Fibres
Consisting Of Polymers Containing The Repeating Group -co-nh-.
Examples Are Silk, Wool, And Other Animal Hairs.
|
| Polycarbamide
(generic Name); Polyurea (fibre) |
A Term Used To
Describe Fibres Composed Of Synthetic Linear Macromolecules Having
In The Chain Recurring Aliphatic Groups Joined By Ureylene Groups
Which Together Comprise At Least 85% (by Mass) Of The Chain.
|
| Polyester |
A Polymer Whose
Repeating Units Contain Ester Linkages In The Main Chains Of The
Macromolecules. , Note: Cross-linkable Polyesters Are Resin-forming
And Linear Polyesters Are Fibre-forming
|
| Polyester
(fibre) (generic Name) |
A Term Used To
Describe Fibres Composed Of Synthetic Linear Macromolecules Having
In The Chain At Least 85% (by Mass) Of An Ester Of A Diol And
Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic Acid (terephthalic Acid)., Note 1: This
Term Is More Restrictive Than The Chemical Definition Of Polyester
Note 2.. In The U.s., The Generic Term Is More Broadly Defined To
Encompass The Use Of Aromatic Dicarboxylic Acids Other Than Benzene-
1,4-dicarboxylic Acid And Also To Include Certain Aromatic
Polyetherester Fibres.
|
| Polyethylene
(fibre) (generic Name) |
A Term Used To
Describe Fibres Composed Of Synthetic Linear Macromolecules Of
Unsubstituted Aliphatic Saturated Hydrocarbon.
|
| Polymer |
A Large
Molecule Built Up By The Repetition Of Small, Simple, Chemical
Units.
|
| Polymer,
Atactic |
See Atactic
Polymer
|
| Polymer,
Syndiotactic |
|
| Polymerization |
The Process
Used To Link Small, Simple, Chemical Molecules Into A Polymer
|
| Polymerization,
Batch |
A Process For
Making Polymer In Batches.
|
| Polymerization,
Continuous |
A Process For
Making Polymer In Which The Reactants Are Fed Continuously To, And
The Product Is Withdrawn Continuously From, A Vessel Or Series Of
Vessels
|
| Polynosic
(fibre) |
A Term Used To
Describe Regenerated Cellulose Fibres Characterized By A High
Initial Wet Modulus Of Elasticity And A Relatively Low Degree Of
Swelling In Sodium Hydroxide Solution. The Is0 Generic Name Is
Modal.
|
| Polyolefin
(fibre) |
A Term Used To
Describe Manufactured Fibres In Which The Fibre-forming Substance Is
Any Long-chain Synthetic Polymer Composed Of At Least 85% By Weight
Of Ethene (ethylene), Propene (propylene), Or Other Olefin Units.
The Term Includes The Iso Generic Names Are Polypropylene And
Polyethylene
|
| Polypropylene
(fibre) (generic Name) |
A Term Used To
Describe Fibres Composed Of Synthetic Linear Macromolecules Having
An Aliphatic Saturated Hydrocarbon Chain In Which Alternate Carbon
Atoms Carry A Methyl Group, Generally In An Isotactic Disposition
And Without Further Substitution.
|
Polytetrafluoroethylene
(fibre)
|
A Fibre Made
From A Synthetic Linear Polymer In Which The Chief Repeating Unit Is
- |
| Polyurea
(fibre); Polycarbamide (generic Name) |
A Term Used To
Describe Fibres Composed Of Synthetic Linear Macromolecules Having
In The Chain Recurring Aliphatic Groups Joined By Ureylene Groups
Which Together Comprise At Least 85% (by Mass) Of The Chain.
|
| Polyurethane
(fibre) (generic Name) |
A Term Used To
Describe Fibres Composed Of Synthetic Linear Macromolecules Having
In The Chain Recurring Aliphatic Groups Joined By Urethane Groups
Which Together Comprise At Least 85% (by Mass) Of The Chain.
|
| Pomander |
From The French
Word "pomme" For Apple, Still In Use In The First Half Of
The 17th Century By Ladies. Small Balls Of Perfume Placed In
Decorated, Perforated Boxes And Worn Around The Waist On Chains.
|
| Pongee |
Originally And
Traditionally A Light-weight Fabric Hand-woven In China Of Wild Silk
In Plain Weave. The Term Is Now Also Applied To Fabrics Having A
Similar Weight And Appearance, Power-woven, And Made With Yams Other
Than Silk. If Of Cotton, These Fabrics Are Usually Mercerized And
Schreinered.
|
| Pongee
|
1. A Plain
Weave, Light To Medium Weight Silk Fabric With Slubs And Nubs On The
Surface. Often Found In A Natural Light Tan Color. 2. A Plain Weave
Light To Medium Weight Fabric With A Smooth Surface . May Be Of
Cotton Or Manufactured Fibers Such As Polyester . Used For Dresses,
Blouses, Pajamas, Linings.
|
| Ponte Di
Roma |
Weft Knitted,
Interlock Based, Double Jersey Structure . Means "roman Bridge"
Which Is Suggested By The Arrangement Of Loops . The Fabric Looks
The Same On Both Sides.
|
| Poodle
Cloth |
A Fabric With A
Curly Or Loop Pile Resembling The Coat Of A Poodle Dog.
|
| Poor Boy |
An Inexpensive
Rib Knit Usually 2x3 Or 3x1 In A Fine To Medium Yarn.
|
| Popcorn |
A Fabric
Utilizing Yarn With Thick Spots Suggesting Popcorn. Usually A Knit
But May Be Woven.
|
| Poplin |
A Plain Weave
Fabric With A Fine, Crosswise Rib, The Result Of Using Finer Warp
Yarns And Heavier Weft Yarns And A Higher Thread Count In The Warp
Than The Weft . Usually Medium Weight. Made In A Variety Of Fibers
But Common In Cotton And Cotton Blends . A Common Shirting Fabric.
|
| Poplin |
A Plain-weave
Fabric With Weftway Ribs And High Warp Sett
|
| Potting |
A Finishing
Process Applied Mainly To Woollen Fabrics. The Dyed Fabric (which
May Have Crabbed) Is Batched On A Roller And Is Then Immersed In
Water. The Temperature Of The Liquor An Duration Of Treatment Depend
On The Effect Desired. The Fabric Is Cooled On The Roller And
Re-batched End For End And The Process Is Repeated. The Fabric Is
Finally Wound Off The Roller And Dried.
|
| Powder
Bonding |
A Method Of
Making Thermally-bonded Nonwoven Fabric In Which The Fibre Web Or
Batt Is Bonded By The Use Of Heat-sensitive Powder Dispersed Within
It.
|
| Poy |
See Partially
Oriented Yarn
|
| Prepared
For Printing /dyeing |
Fabric Which
Has Been Made Ready For Dyeing Or Printing By Performing All
Preliminary Processes On The Greige Such As Singeing, Desizing,
Scouring, And Bleaching.
|
| Preshrunk |
A Term Applied
To A Textile Material That Has Been Shrunk To Predetermined
Dimensions In Order To Minimize Shrinkage In Use. Nowadays Fabrics
Are Preshrunk By Compressive Shrinkage.
|
| Pre-shrunk |
The Fabric Is
Allowed To Shrink During Finishing To Reduce Residual Shrinkage In
The Final Product.
|
| Press Mark |
Undesirable
Shinning Lines On The Right Side Of The Garment Due To Incorrect
Ironing.
|
| Press Ratio
(alkali-cellulose) |
The Ratio Of
The Weight Of Alkali-cellulose, After Excess Sodium Hydroxide
(caustic Soda) Solution Has Been Pressed Out, To The Original Weight
Of Pulp.
|
| Pressing |
The Application
Of Pressure, With Or Without Steaming Or Heating, (i) To Remove
Unintended Creases And To Impart A Flat Appearance To Fabrics And
Garments, (ii) To Introduce Desirable Creases Garments.
|
| Pressure
Boil |
The Scouring Of
Cellulosic Textiles With Alkaline Liquors In Closed Vessels Under
Excess Pressure, Normally 140-210 Kpa.
|
| Primary
Cellulose Acetate |
An Ester Formed
From Cellulose And Ethanoic Acid (acetic Acid) Used To Make Acetate
Fibres. , Note: Purified Cellulose Is Ethanoylated (acetylated) By
Ethanoic Anhydride (acetic Anhydride) In The Presence Of A Catalyst
(such As Sulphuric Acid Or Perchloric Acid) In A Solvent Such As
Dichloromethane (methylene Chloride) Or Ethanoic Acid. The Reaction
Proceeds Until Primary Cellulose Acetate Containing 60% Of Combined
Ethanoic Acid Is Formed. Secondary Cellulose Acetate Is Formed From
The Primary Acetate By Partial Hydolysis. It Is Obtained By Adding
Water In Excess Of That Required To React With The Residual Ethanoic
Anhydride, Which Thus Allows The Hydrolysis To Take Place.
|
| Print
Bonding |
A Method Of
Making Nonwoven Fabrics In Which There Is Controlled Application Of
Adhesive Specific Areas Of The Fibre Web Or Batt By Using Printing
Techniques Similar To Those Used Coloration.
|
| Printed &
Overdyed |
Refers To
Fabrics Which Have Been First Printed Then Overdyed Allowing The
Design To Show Through.
|
| Printing |
The Production
Of A Design Or Motif On A Substrate By Application Of A Colorant Or
Other Reagent, Usually In A Paste Or Ink, In A Predetermined
Pattern.
|
| Producer
Twist |
The Small
Amount Of Twist Inserted During The Production Of Multi-filament
Yarn By Certain Take-up Systems Such As Pot, Cap, Or
Ring-and-traveler.
|
| Proof |
Fully Resistant
To A Specified Agency, Either By Reason Of Physical Structure Or
Inherent Chemical Non-reactivity, Or Arising From A Treatment
Designed To Impart The Desired Characteristics. Note 1: Proofing
Treatments Are Defined By Specified Limits Ascertained By Test, And
The Use Of The Term Related To The Limiting Conditions. Note2:
'resistant', 'retardant' Or 'repellent' Are Appropriate Alternatives
When The Resistance Is Less Than Full.
|
| Proofed |
Descriptive Of
Material That Has Been Treated To Render It Resistant To A Specified
Agency. Note: A Designation Of Materials As 'proofed' Should
Indicate That The Material Conforms To Definite Standards
|
| Protein
(fibre) (generic Name) |
A Term Used To
Describe Fibres Obtained From Natural Protein Substances By Chemical
Regeneration.
|
| Ptfe |
See
Polytetrafluoroethylene
|
| Pu Coated |
Refers To A
Fabric Which Has Been Coated With Polyurethane, Usually To Make It
Waterproof But Sometimes To Give A Firmer Hand.
|
| Pucker |
A Blister Or
Puffed Effect On The Surface Of The Fabric . It May Be The Result Of
Chemical Treatment Of The Fabric Or The Result Of Using Different
Yarns, Yarns Under Different Tension, Or Yarns Of Different
Shrinkage In One Fabric.
|
| Pucker |
To Draw Up Into
Folds Or Wrinkles
|
| Pucker
Embroidery |
Fabric Which
Has Been Embroidered In A Such A Way That The Stitching Purposefully
Causes A Crinkle Or Pucker In The Fabric.
|
| Pull
(sampling) |
A Sample Of
Fibres Abstracted Manually From A Bulk Lot Of Raw Material Or Sliver
With A View To Assessing The Length And/or Distribution Of Length Of
Fibre Within The Sample.
|
| Pulling
(rag) |
The Operation
Of Reducing Rags And Thread Waste To A Fibrous State.
|
| Pulling
(wool) |
The Removal Of
Wool From Skins. Note: Before Removal, The Fibres Are Loosened By
Treatment. The Skins May Be Placed On A Curved Board, And, With
Ordinary Skins, The Wool Is Pushed Or Rubbed With The Hands; With
Short-wool Skins, A Blunt Knife, Held With Both Hands, Is Used. When
The Puller Is Seated And Pulls With His Hands From The Skin Placed
On His Knees, The Process Is Known As Knee Pulling.
|
| Pulp
(cotton) . |
Purified Cotton
Linters Usually In The Form Of Standard Sheets About 1 Mm Thick.
Note: The Preparation Of The Linters Involves One Or More Pressure
Boils With Sodium Hydroxide (caustic Soda) Followed By Hypochlorite
Bleaching, The Severity And Number Of The Boils Depending On The Use
To Which The Resultant Material Is To Be Put. The Fibres Are
Composed Of Glucose Units To The Exclusion Of Other Sugars And Only
1-2% Of The Cellulose Is Soluble In Sodium Hydroxide (caustic Soda)
Of 17.5% Strength At 20°c. Suitability For A Specific Purpose
Is Determined By Measurement Of The Viscosity Of The Product Under
Standard Conditions, And Different Viscosity Ranges Are Usually
Specified For Material To Be Used For Man-made Fibres, Lacquers,
Etc. The Material Is Also Supplied In Pressed Bales.
|
| Pulp (wood) |
Cellulose
Fibres Isolated From Wood By Chemical Treatments. Note 1: The
Preparation Of Wood Pulp Involves The Boiling Of Wood Chips With
Alkaline Liquors Or Solutions Of Acidic Or Neutral Salts Followed By
Bleaching With Chlorine Compounds, The Object Of These Treatments
Being To Remove More Or Less Completely The Hemicelluloses And
Lignin Incrustants Of The Wood. The Purified Fibres Are Usually
Pressed Into Standard Sheets About 1 Mm Thick, And Commercial
Material Retains 4-12% Of Carbohydrates Soluble In 17.5% Soda At 20°c,
The Actual Content Depending On The Severity Of The Purification
Treatments. Note 2: Mechanical Wood Pulp Is Obtained By Wet-grinding
Bark-free Wood In Stone Or Other Mills. The Material Is Used Largely
In Admixtures With Bleached Pulp For Newsprint And Is Quite
Different From Wood Pulp As Defined Above In Note 1.
|
Pump
Delivery (man-made Fibres)
|
The Volume Of
Liquid Delivered By One Revolution Of A Spinning Pump. |
Punching
(wool Industry)
|
A Winding
Operation That Prepares Four-end Balls Of Sliver For A Noble Comb. |
| Pyjama |
The Word
Derives From The Hindustani Epai-jama. Pyjamas Were Already Worn In
England In The 17th Century And Were Called Moghul Breeches.
|
