| S |
|
| Sack Dress,
Also Robe À La Francaise |
Mid- To Second
Half Of 18th Century Dress That Was Made With A Box Pleated Back ("watteau"-pleats)
Falling Loosely From Just Below The Shoulder To The Floor.
|
| Sack Gown /
Robe Volante / Andrienne |
A Loose Dress
Flaring Out At The Bottom, The Back Attached To The Neckband With
Gathers At First, Then With Pleats. It Was Worn From About 1704 To
About 1730-35.
|
| Sacking |
A General Name
Applied To Coarse Fabrics Used Chiefly For The Making Of Bags Or
Sacks. They Are Often Made Of Jute, Hemp, Flax Or Polyolefin, And
The Number Of Threads Per Centimetre May Vary From 2 To Over 12.
|
| Sadri |
A Sleeveless
Jacket Worn Over A Shirt Or Kurta, Alike By Men And Women. The Name
Of This Popular Garment Derives Possibly From Aura, 'the Upper Part
Of The Human Breast'.
|
| Sailcloth |
Originally A
Tightly Woven Cotton Or Linen Canvas Used In The Manufacture Of Ship
And Yacht Sails. It Is Now More Common For These Fabrics To Be
Manufactured From Nylon For Spinnakers, And Polyester Or Aramid For
Foresails And Mainsails. Newer Developments Include Laminated
Constructions Which Give Greater Dimensional Stability.
|
| Salt Figure |
See Hottenroth
Number
|
| Salt
Sensitivity |
(1) The Extent
To Which The Dyeing Properties Of A Dye Are Affected By The Addition
Of A Neutral Electrolyte To The Dyebath. Note: This Term Is Usually
Only Applied In The Dyeing Of Cellulosic Fibres. (2) The
Susceptibility Of Coloured Material To Change In Colour When Spotted
With Aqueous Solutions Of Neutral Electrolytes.
|
| Salwatishalwar |
A Pajama Like
Garment For The Lower Part Of The Body, Baggy And Wide At The Top,
And Not So Tight Around The Legs And Ankles. Worn Mostly By Women,
But Also By Men In Some Parts Of India, Especially In The Northwest.
|
| Sanded |
A Finishing
Process That Brings The Fabric In Contact With Sandpaper Or Another
Abrasive Material. This May Be Done To Raise Surface Fiber, Impart A
Peached Or Sueded Hand Or To Create A Surface Effect.
|
| Sandwashed |
A Finishing
Process In Which The Fabric Is Washed With Sand Or Another Abrasive
Material To Produce A Soft, Sueded Hand And A Faded Appearance.
|
| Sanforized |
A Trademarked
Finishing Process Which Compresses The Fabric To Reduce Its Residual
Shrinkage To Not More Than 1 Percent.
|
| Sansevieria |
A Fibre
Obtained From The Leaves Of Various Species Of Plants Of The Genus
Sansevieria. Also Known As 'bow-string Hemp'.
|
| Saran
(fibre) (US) |
A Term Used To
Describe Manufactured Fibres In Which The Fibre-forming Substance Is
Any Long-chain Synthetic Polymer Composed Of At Least 80% By Weight
Of 1,1-dichloroethene (vinylidene Chloride) Units. The Iso Generic
Name Is Chlorofibre
|
| Sash |
In The 60s And
70s Of The 17th Century A Broad, Loosely Knotted Sash Was Often Worn
Around The Hips Over The Coat By Men. Usually Made Of Silk And The
Edges Decorated With Tassled Fringes.
|
| Sateen |
A Smooth,
Strong, Lustrous Satin Weave Fabric Made With Cotton Or Other Spun
Yarns . In A Warp Face Satin, The Most Common, The Filling Yarns
Cross Over One And Under Several Warp Yarns, Thus Mainly The Warp
Yarns Are Visible On The Face. In A Filling Face Satin, The Filling
Yarns Cross Under One And Over Several Warp Yarns Thus The Mainly
The Filling Yarns Are Visible On The Face.
|
| Satin |
A Smooth
Strong, Lustrous Satin Weave Fabric Made With Silk Or Manufactured
Filament Yarns . In A Warp Face Satin, The Most Common, The Filling
Yarns Cross Over One And Under Several Warp Yarns, Thus Mainly The
Warp Yarns Are Visible On The Face. In A Filling Face Satin, The
Filling Yarns Cross Under One And Over Several Warp Yarns Thus The
Mainly The Filling Yarns Are Visible On The Face . Some Satins Have
A Filament Yarn Face And Spun Yarn Back.
|
| Satin
Stripe |
Stripes In A
Fabric Formed By A Satin Weave, Often Alternating With Sheer Plain
Weave Stripes.
|
| Satin-back
Crepe |
See Crepe-back
Satin.
|
| Saturation
Bonding |
A Method Of
Making Nonwoven Fabrics In Which A Fibre Web Or Batt Is Treated By
Overall Application Of An Adhesive In Liquid Form. (see Also
Adhesive-bonded Nonwoven Fabric.)
|
| Saxony |
1. A Soft,
Heavy Luxurious, Napped Fabric Made From Fine Merino Wool Originally
From Saxony, Germany. Used For Coats 2. A Soft Tweed Fabric Of Fine
Wool. Used For Sport Coats.
|
| Saxony |
A High-quality
Fabric, Made Of Wool Of 60s Quality Or Finer, Spun On The Woollen
System.
|
| Scale
Margins |
The External
Margins Of Cuticular Scales. The Distance Between Scale Margins Is
Described As Close, Near, Distant, Or A Combination Of These Such As
Near To Distant.
|
| Scale
Patterns |
The Pattern
Formed By The Scale Margins. Most Scale Patterns Are Waved, Although
Not All To The Same Extent. Patterns May Described As Regular,
Irregular Or Streaked. A Regular Waved Pattern Is One In Which The
Waves Are Of Almost Equal Wavelength And Equal Amplitude; An
Irregular Wave Pattern Is One In Which The Waves Are Of Unequal
Wavelength And Amplitude. A Streaked Wave Is One In Which The Waves
Are Interrupted By Steeply Inclined Scale Margins. The Term Waved Is
Frequently Used In Conjunction With Another Adjective E.g., Waved
Crenate Margins. Other Scale-patterns Are:- Chevron. A Waved
Pattern. In Single Chevron Either The Troughs Or Crests Are Narrow
And V-shaped. In Double Chevron Both The Trough And Crests Are
V-shaped. Crenate. Margins Which Are 'notched', I.e. Have Fairly
Shallow Indentations But Sharp Peaks. Mosaic. A Pattern Composed Of
A Number Of Units; This Type Is Divided Into Regular In Which The
Units Are Approximately The Same Size And Irregular In Which The
Units Of The Mosaic Are Of Different Sizes. Pectinate Comb-like
Margins. This Type Is Subdivided Into Coarse Pectinate, Which The
'teeth' Are Large And Wide , And Lanceolate In Which The 'teeth' Are
Long And Narrow. Petal. Patterns In Which The Scales Have The
Appearance Of Over-lapping Flower Petal. This Type Is Divided Into
Irregular Petal And Diamond Petal. Rippled. Margins Having
Indentations, The Troughs And Peaks Being Deeper But More Rounded
Than In The Crenate Type.
|
| Scalloped |
A Series Of
Semicircular Curves Along The Edge Of A Fabric. Used As Decorative
Edge For Skirts, Curtains.
|
| Scenic |
Refers To Print
Motifs With A Landscape Theme.
|
| Scented |
Fabric That Is
Purposely Impregnated With A Chemical That Gives It An Aroma Able To
Withstand Multiple Washings.
|
| Schappe
Silk |
Originally,
Yarn Spun From Fibre Degummed By Schapping, But Nowadays The Term
Increasingly Used As A Generic Alternative To Spun Silk. Note: The
Change In Meaning Reflects The Greatly Decreased Use Of Fermentation
Processes For Degumming,
|
| Schappe-spun |
Originally Used
To Describe A Silk Yarn From Fibre Degummed By The Schapping
Process, But Now Used Both In The U.K., And Elsewhere In Europe As A
Term Synonymous With Silk-spun.
|
| Schapping |
A European
Method Of Degumming Applied To Silk Waste, Which Removes Part Of The
Gum By A Fermentation Process. Up To 10% Of Gum May Remain On The
Fibre.
|
| Schiffli
Embroidery |
Embroidery Done
On Fabric Using A Schiffli Machine. Capable Of Intricate Designs.
|
| Schiffli
Lace |
A Lace Made
With A Schiffli Embroidery Machine By Embroidering The Design On A
Net Ground. The Ground May Be Kept Or Later Burned Away.
|
| Schreiner |
(1) Descriptive
Of A Calender With Two Or Three Bowls In Which One (the Middle One
In A Three-bowl Calender) Is Of Highly Polished Steel Engraved With
Very Fine Parallel Lines (grooves) Running At An Angle Of
Approximately 20° To Either The Horizontal Or The Vertical. (2)
(finish) Descriptive Of A Finish Obtained By Passing A Fabric
Through A Schreiner Calender. The Object Of The Process Is To
Enhance The Lustre Of The Fabric. (3) (bowl) The Engraved Bowl Of A
Schreiner Calender. Note 1.. The Number Of Lines On The Bowl May
Vary From 5-24 Per Millimetre, But Is Usually In The Range 9-14.
Note 2: The Angle Of Inclination Of The Lines Is Chosen To Ensure
Good Cover Of The Fabric, E.g., A Low Inclination Of 15-20° Is
Recommended For Weft Sateen Fabrics. Optimum Effects Are Obtained
When The Lines Slightly Cross The Direction Of The Surface Yarn
Twist. Note 3: In Use, The Engraved Bowl Is Heated, Usually To
60-120°c For Finishing Cotton Fabrics.
|
| Scotchguard |
A Water
Repellent And Oil Repellent Finish Trademarked By 3m Company.
|
| Scouring |
The Treatment
Of Textile Materials In Aqueous Or Other Solutions In Order To
Remove Natural Waxes, Proteins And Other Constituents, As Well As
Dirt, Oil And Other Impurities. Note: The Treatment Varies With The
Type Of Fibre. Cotton And Flax Goods Are Normally Scoured At The
Boil Or Under Pressure With Sodium Hydroxide (caustic Soda) Or With
Lime Followed By Sodium Carbonate (soda Ash) Or With A Mixture Of
Sodium Hydroxide (caustic Soda) And Sodium Carbonate (soda Ash);
Wool Goods With Aqueous Solutions Of Sodium Carbonate (soda Ash) Or
Soap Or Both Temperatures Not Exceeding 50°c, Or Substantially
Neutral Liquors Containing A Synthetic Detergent In The Presence Of
An Inorganic Salt; Viscose Rayon With Soap And Sodium Carbonate
(soda Ash) At Or Below The Boil; Cellulose Ethanoate (acetate) With
Soap And Sodium Carbonate (soda Ash) Liquors Of Relatively Low
Alkalinity And At Temperatures Below The Boil To Prevent Alkaline
Hydrolysis Of The Ethanoate (acetate);nylon, Etc., With Soap And
Sodium Carbonate (soda Ash) Or Ammonia Below The Boil, Although
Special Cases Neutral Or Acidic Liquors May Be Used.
|
| Screen
Printing |
A Design
Reproduction Process, Developed From Stencilling, In Which Print
Paste Is Forced Through Unblocked Areas Of A Mesh, In Contact With
The Substrate. The Mesh May Be A Woven Fabric Or A Fine Screen, Flat
Or Cylindrical (rotary Screen). Pressure Is Applied To The Paste By
A Squeegee (blade Roller), Which Is Moved When The Screen Is
Stationary Or Stationary When The Rotary Screen Is Rotating.
|
| Scrim |
A Lightweight
Open Weave Fabric Usually Of Cotton. Used For Curtains Or As A Base
For Needlework , Lamination Or Carpeting.
|
| Scrim |
A General Term,
Irrespective Of Structure, For A Lightweight Basecloth Included In A
Nonwoven Fabric
|
Scroll A
Design Dominated By Fanciful Curves.
|
|
| Scroop |
A Rustling
Noise And A Characteristic 'dry' Handle When A Material Is
Compressed By Hand. Scroop Is Usually Associated With Silk But Also
Produced In Certain Man-made Cellulosic Fibres, Yarns, Or Fabrics By
Suitable Finishing Treatments. It Is Probably Associated With A High
Coefficient Of Static Friction Relative To The Dynamic Coefficient.
|
| Scutcher |
A Machine For
Continuously Opening Fabric Which Has Previously Been In Rope Form.
|
| Scutching
(cotton) |
An Operation In
Which Cotton Is Opened Mechanically, Cleaned And Formed Into A
Continuous Lap
|
| Scutching
(flax) |
The Operation
Of Separating The Woody Part Of Deseeded Or Retted Flax Straw From
The Fibre.
|
| Sea Island
Cotton |
The
Exceptionally Fine, Long-staple Types Of Cotton Grown In The West
Indies
|
| Seam Line |
Is The Line
Which Indicates Where The Seam Should Be Stitched - Or It Is Plainly
The Stitching Line Of Any Garment.
|
| Secondary
Cellulose Acetate |
An Ester Formed
From Cellulose And Ethanoic Acid (acetic Acid) Used To Make Acetate
Fibres. Note: Purified Cellulose Is Ethanoylated (acetylated) By
Ethanoic Anhydride (acetic Anhydride) In The Presence Of A Catalyst
(such As Sulphuric Acid Or Perchloric Acid) In A Solvent Such As
Dichloromethane (methylene Chloride) Or Ethanoic Acid. The Reaction
Proceeds Until Primary Cellulose Acetate Containing 60% Of Combined
Ethanoic Acid Is Formed. Secondary Cellulose Acetate Is Formed From
The Primary Acetate By Partial Hydolysis. It Is Obtained By Adding
Water In Excess Of That Required To React With The Residual Ethanoic
Anhydride, Which Thus Allows The Hydrolysis To Take Place.
|
| Secrète |
French Word For
Under Layer Of A Skirt. Two Layers Were Always Worn, Even When The
Outer Layer Modeste Was Closed In Front.
|
See Also
Atactic Polymer, Isotactic Polymer
|
|
See Also
Stretch Fabric.
|
|
| Seed Cotton |
Cotton Which
Has Been Harvested But Not Ginned, So That The Fibre Is Still
Attached To The Seed.
|
| Seed Hair |
Fibres Growing
From The Surface Of Seeds Or From The Inner Surfaces Of Fruit Cases
Or Pods. Such Fibre (seed Hairs) Are Formed By The Marked Elongation
Of Epidermal Cells. Note. From A Botanical Aspect, Cotton Is A Seed
Hair, Since It Is An Outgrowth In The Form Of Single Cells From The
Epidermis Or Outer Skin Of Cotton Seeds. In This Respect, Cotton
Differs From Fine Vegetable Fibres, Which Are Composed Of A Number
Of Plant Cells, Usually Joined And Cemented Together To Form A
Bundle And Often Occurring In The Stems (e.g., Flax) Or Leaves
(e.g., Sisal) Of Plants Or Shrubs. Nevertheless, In Commerce And
Industry, It Is Customary To Refer To Cotton As Vegetable Fibre.
Calotropis (akund) And Asclepias (milkweed) Are Other Examples Of
Hair Growing On Seeds, Whereas Eriodendron (java Kapok) Grows On The
Inner Surface And The Placenta Of Seed Pods.
|
| Seersucker |
A Lightweight
Fabric With Puckered Stripes Made By Weaving With Some Of The Warp
Yarns Tight And Some Loose . The Loose Warp Threads Become Crinkled.
Frequently Made In Yarn Dye Stripes And Plaids. Often Made Of Cotton
Or A Cotton Blend But Can Be In A Variety Of Fibers . Used For
Summer Clothing.
|
| Selvedge (
USA Selvage) Widening |
A Method Of
Shaping A Garment Panel By Introducing Additional Needles At One Or
Both Selvedges In A Sequence Designed To Increase The Width.
|
| Semi
Bleached |
Fabric That Has
Been Lightly Or Partially Bleached.
|
| Semi-dull |
Refers To
Fabric From Manufactured Yarn That Has Been Delustered To Reduce But
Not Completely Eliminate The Shine.
|
| Semi-worsted
Spun |
A Term Applied
To Yarn Spun From Sliver Produced By Carding And Gilling In Which
The Fibres Are Substantially Parallel, The Carded Sliver Not Having
Been Condensed Or Combed. Alternatively, The Yarn May Be Produced
From A Roving. Note: The Above Definition Is Descriptive Of
Processing Technique And Not Of The Fibre Content.
|
| Sequestering
Agent |
A Chemical
Capable Of Reacting With Metallic Ions So That They Become Part Of A
Complex Anion. The Principle Is Used To Extract Calcium Ions From
Hard Water, Iron Ii And Copper Ions From Peroxide Bleach Liquors And
Various Metallic Ions From Dyebaths, By Forming A Water-soluble
Complex In Which The Metal Is Held In A Non-ionizable Form
|
| Sequins |
A Small, Flat,
Reflective Disk With A Hole For Attaching To The Fabric For
Decorative Purposes. May Be Of Metal Plastic Or Shell.
|
| Serge |
A Smooth Faced
2x2 Twill Weave Fabric. Traditionally Of Wool But May Be Of Other
Fibers. Used For Trousers, Suitings.
|
| Serpentaux |
Women's
Hairstyle, With Almost Straight Hair Hanging Down, It Followed The
Coiffure En Bouffons During The Reign Of Louis Xiii.
|
| Sett; Set |
(1) A Term Used
To Indicate The Density Of Ends Or Picks Or Both In A Woven Fabric,
Usually Expressed As The Number Of Threads Per Centimetre. The State
Of The Fabric At The Time Should Be Described E.g. Loomstate Or
Finished. (2) Synonym For Count Of Reed. (3) The Term May Be Used In
Such Phrases As High Sett, Closely Sett Etc., Where A High End Or
Pick Density Is Indicated.
|
| Setting |
The Process Of
Conferring Stability Of Form Upon Fibres, Yarns, Or Fabrics, Usually
By Means Of Successive Heating And Cooling In Moist Or Dry
Conditions. Note: The Term Is Sometimes Used In Conjunction With A
Description Of The Particular Characteristics To Be Stabilized
(e.g., Twist Setting, Crimp Setting) Or Of The Setting Medium (e.g.,
Heat Setting, Steam Setting).
|
| S-finish |
A Finish
Produced On Triethanoate (cellulose Triacetate) Textiles By Surface
Saponification.
|
| Shaft |
The Finer And
Proximal Portion Of A Guard Hair.
|
| Shafty Wool |
Strong, Dense
And Well Grown Wool With Good Length And Spinning Characteristics
|
| Shahtoosh |
The Hair Of The
Tiberian Antelope (pantholops Hogsoni), Locally Called Chiru. The UN
List This Animal Under The Convention Of International Irade In
Endangered Species, Appendix 1, I.e. Giving It Highest Protection.
The Only Way To Collect The Wool Is To Kill The Antelope!
|
| Shaker |
A Heavy 1x1 Rib
Knit.
|
| Shantung |
A Plain Weave
Fabric With Slubbed Yarns Or An Uneven Ribbed Surface Texture.
Originally Of Silk But Now May Be Of Cotton Or Man Made Fibers.
|
| Shantung |
A Plain-weave
Silk Dress Fabric Exhibiting Random Yam Irregularities Resulting
From The Use Of Yarn Spun From Wild (tussah) Silk.
|
| Shantung-type
Yarn |
An Irregular
Yarn Made From Fibres Other Than Natural Silk To Imitate The Yarn
Used For Making Shantung.
|
| Shaping;
Weft Knitting |
Descriptive Of
The Process Used To Shape A Knitted Product During Knitting By
Changing The Number Of Stitches Per Course, Wale, Or Unit Area In
The Fabric. The Various Methods Which May Be Used Separately Or In
Combination Are:
|
| Sharara |
A Kind Of
Loose, Trailing Pajama (q. V.) Worn By Women.
|
| Sharkskin |
1. A Woven
Fabric With The Yarns In Both Warp And Filling Alternating White And
Color Giving It A Salt And Pepper Look. Used For Suitings . Usually
A 2x2 Twill Weave But May Also Be Plain Weave. 2. A Crisp Fabric
With A Pebbly Surface And A Dull Luster Usually Of Filament Yarn
Such As Acetate Or Triacetate . Often Found In Pure White. Uses For
Uniforms, Tennis Clothes.
|
| Shear |
(1) To Cut The
Fleece From A Sheep. (2) To Cut A Nap Or Pile To Uniform Length Or
Height (also Called Crop). (3) To Cut Loose Fibres Or Yam From The
Surface Of A Fabric After Weaving (also Called Crop).
|
| Sheared |
A Finishing
Process In Which The Fibers On The Surface Of The Fabric Are
Mechanically Trimmed To Create An Even Nap. Often Follows Brushing
Of The Fabric. Done On Fleeces, Moleskins, Pile Fabrics, Wools.
|
| Sheer |
A Thin, Fine ,
Semi Transparent Fabric.
|
| Sheeting |
A Plain Weave
Fabric With Even Or Close To Even Thread Counts In Warp And Weft .
Often Of Cotton. Carded Yarn Versions Are Used For Inexpensive
Apparel, Furniture Covers And As A Base For Laminates. Finer Yarns
And Higher Counts May Be Used For Bed Sheets.
|
| Sherpa/berber |
A Heavy Fabric
With Clumped Pile Resembling The Fleece Of A Sheep. Used For
Outerwear Trim And Lining.
|
| Sherwani |
A Coat Like
Garment, Worn By Men Close To The Body, Of Knee-length, And Opening
In Front With Button-fastenings. Related To The Achkan (q.v.);
Especially Popular At The Hyderabad Court And In Aligarh.
|
| Shetland |
A Soft Shaggy
Wool Tweed Fabric . Originally Referred To Only Wool From The
Shetland Islands In Scotland But Now Refers To Any Wool Fabric With
Similar Characteristics . May Be Woven Or Knit . Used For Overcoats,
Sportcoats, Sweaters.
|
| Shield |
The Wider And
Flattened Portion Of A Guard Hair. In Many Guard Hairs The Fine
Shaft Widens Out Into A Flattened Shield, The Proportion Of Shaft To
Shield Varying In Different Types Of Fibres.
|
| Shiny |
Refers To
Fabric Having A Surface With A High Reflectance Of Light.
|
| Shives
(flax) |
Short Pieces Of
Woody Waste Beaten From Straw During Scutching.
|
| Shivey Wool |
Wool That
Contains Small Particles Of Vegetable Matter Other Than Burrs
|
| Shoddy |
(1) Fibrous
Material Made In The Woollen Trade By Pulling Down New Or Old
Knitted Or Loosely Woven Fabric In Rag Form. (see Also Mungo And
Note The Distinction.) (2) Droppings From Woollen Cards Consisting
Of Very Short Fibres That May Be Heavily Charged With Oil And Dirt.
|
| Shrinkage |
The Reduction
In Length (or Width) Of A Fibre, Yam, Or Fabric. It May Be Induced
By, E.g., Wetting, Steaming, Alkali Treatment, Wet Processing As In
Laundering, Or Dry Heat.
|
Shrink-resistant
Finish
|
A Treatment
Applied To A Textile Material To Make It Shrink-resistant |
| Shrink-resistant;
Shrink-resisting; Shrink-resist |
Descriptive Of
Textile Materials That Exhibit Dimensional Stability Conforming To
Specified Standards Based On Tests Designed To Simulate Normal
Conditions Of Usage. Note: This Property May Be An Inherent Property
Of The Textile Material Or May Be Conferred By Physical Or Chemical
Processes Or Both.
|
| Shuttle
(lace Machines) |
(1) (schiffli
Embroidery Machine) A Boat-shaped Yam-package Holder Travelling In A
Slide In Such A Manner That It Passes Through The Loop Formed In The
Needle Thread Thus Forming The Back Thread Of The Lock Stitch. (2)
(lace Furnishing Machine) A Term Used In Scotland For The Carriage
|
| Siddo Rags |
Rags Consisting
Of Interlinings From Garments. The Best Types Are Produced From
Fabrics Made From Yams Of Hair, Or Blends Of Hair With Wool, Made On
The Worsted System.
|
| Sidha
Paijama |
Pajama (q.v.)
With A Straight Cut.
|
| Sighting
Colour |
See Fugitive
Tint
|
| Silhouette |
Dark-shaded
Profile Portrait Outline Of Any Garment.
|
| Silk |
The Fibroin
Fibre Forming The Cocoons Produced By Silkworms.
|
| Silk Noil |
A Fabric
Produced From Silk Waste Fibers That Are Too Short For Producing
Spun Silk.
|
| Silk Noils |
Fibres
Extracted During Silk Dressing Or Combing That Are Too Short For
Producing Spun Silk. These Fibres Are Usually Spun On The Condenser
System To Produce What Are Known As 'silk-noil Yams'.
|
| Silk Waste |
The Fibres
Remaining After Drawing Off, Reeling, Or Throwing Nett Silk, And
Fibres Obtained From Damaged Or Unreelable Cocoons.
|
| Silk, Wild |
See Wild Silk
|
| Silk-like |
Refers To
Fabric Having A Hand That Suggests The Feel Of Silk.
|
| Silk-spun |
A Term Applied
To Staple Yam Produced By Dressing Or Combing And Spinning On
Machinery Originally Designed For Processing Waste Silk Into Yam
(see Spun Silk). Note: Whenever The Term Silk-spun Is Used, It Is
Qualified By The Name Of The Fibre And Fibres From Which The
Material Is Made
|
| Silver
Coated |
A Fabric With A
Silver Colored Coating . Used In Outerwear.
|
| Singe |
To Remove, By
Burning Against A Hot Plate, In A Flame, Or By Infra-red Radiation,
Unwanted Surface Hairs Or Filaments. The Operation Is Usually
Performed As A Preliminary To Bleaching And Finishing.
|
| Single Yarn |
A Thread
Produced By One Unit Of A Spinning Machine Of A Silk Reel.
|
| Sinkage |
(1) Loss Of
Weight In Wool Cleansing, Usually Expressed As A Percentage. (2)
Unaccounted Or 'invisible' Loss Of Weight In Processing, Usually
Expressed As A Percentage.
|
| Sisal |
A Pale Cream
Fibre Obtained From The Leaf Of The Sisal Plant (agave Sisalana
Perrine).the Fibre From Other Agave Plants, And Particularly From
Henequen (agave Fourcroydes Lemaire) Resembles Sisal Very Closely
And Indeed Is Sometimes Also Termed 'sisal'.
|
| Size |
A Gelatinous
Film-forming Substance, In Solution Or Dispersion, Applied Normally
To Warps Sometimes To Wefts, Generally Before Weaving. Note 1: The
Main Types Are Carbohydrates And Their Derivatives, Gelatin, And
Animal Glues, Although Other Substances, Such As Linseed Oil,
Poly(acrylic Acid), And Poly(vinyl Alcohol) Are Also Used Note 2:
The Objects Of Sizing Prior To Weaving Are To Protect The Yarns From
Abrasion In Healds And Reed And Against Each Other; To Strengthen
Them; And By The Addition Of Oils And Fats, To Lubricate Them.
|
| Skein |
See Hank
|
| Skein
Sizing |
See Hank Sizing
|
| Skin Wool |
Wool Removed
From The Skins Of Slaughtered Sheep . Note: There Are Three Methods
Of Removal. (a) Lime-steeping, (b) Sweating (by Bacterial Action),
And (c) Painting With, For Example, Sodium Sulphide.
|
| Skirting
(wool) |
(1) The Removal
Of Wool Different From The Main Bulk From The Edges Of A Fleece. See
Also Wool Classing (2 ) A Wool Sorting Term For Stained Parts Of The
Fleece Such As The Legs And The Whole Edge Of The Fleece.
|
| Slashings |
Small Openings
Made In A Garment, Showing The Lining. Slashings (crevés,
Chiquetades) Were Made In Garments, Shoes And Gloves.
|
| Slay |
Also Sley .
That Oscillating Part Of A Weaving Machine, Positioned Between The
Healds And The Fell Of The Cloth, Which Carries The Reed.
|
| Slinky |
A Market Term
For A Shiny, Drapey Knit Fabric Of Synthetic Fiber With Fine Ribs.
|
| Slipe |
Lime-steeped
Wools
|
| Sliver |
An Assembly
Fibres In Continuous Form Without Twist.
|
| Slope |
Loose Clothes
Tunics, Smocks, Trousers
|
| Slub |
A Short
Abnormally Thick Place In A Yarn.
|
| Slubbed |
Refers To
Fabric Using Yarn With Uneven Areas, I.e. With A Thick And Thin
Appearance Occurring At Irregular Intervals.
|
| Slubbing |
The Name Given,
Individually Or Collectively, To Relatively Thick Fibrous Strands,
And Also To Strips Of Web From A Condenser Card That Have Been
Consolidated Into A Circular Cross-section By Rubbing.
|
| Slurry
Steeping |
A Process In
The Manufacture Of Viscose Rayon In Which A Pulp Is Dispersed In A
Solution Of Sodium Hydroxide (caustic Soda) In The Preparation Of
Alkali-cellulose.
|
| Smooth |
Refers To
Fabric With An Even Surface With Little Surface Hair Or Texture.
|
| Smooth-drying |
See Drip-dry
|
| Soft |
Having A
Gentle, Pliable, Supple, Hand.
|
| Softening |
The Application
Of A Chemical Agent And/or Mechanical Process, E.g., Calendering, To
Impart To Fabrics A Soft Handle And Frequently A Smooth Appearance.
A Number Of Chemical Softening Agents Also Confer A Fullness Of
Handle.
|
| Soil
Release |
Any One Of A
Class Of Textile Finishes That Make It Possible To Remove Stains
From Fabrics By Ordinary Domestic Washing.
|
| Solid |
Having A Single
Even Color.
|
| Solitaire |
Narrow Black
Ribbon Fashionable In The 18th Century From About 1725 Onwards. It
Was Tied To The Wig, Then Brought Around To The Front Of The Neck
And Fastened, Usually In A Bow, Over The Stock.
|
| Solvent
Bonding |
A Method Of
Making Nonwoven Fabrics In Which A Solvent Is Used To Soften The
Fibre Surfaces In A Web Or Batt And Hence Cause Bonding.
|
| Solvent
Dyeing |
Dyeing Carried
Out From A Continuous Non-aqueous Phase.,note. Water May Be Added To
Assist The Dyeing Process.
|
| Solvent
Finishing |
The Treatment
Of Textile Materials With Reagents, Other Than Dyes, Dissolved In
Organic Solvents.
|
| Solvent
Scouring |
The Treatment
Of Fabrics In Organic Solvent Media To Remove Impurities Such As
Lubricating Oils And Spin Finishes.
|
| Soupling |
A Softening
Process Applied To Continuous-filament Silk Yarns That Are To Be
Dyed 'in The Gum'. The Yarns Are Treated In Warm Soap Solution And
Softened In An Acid Tartrate Bath. Such Treatments Normally Remove
Some Of The Gum, To Leave 10-15% On The Fibre
|
| Sour |
To Treat
Textile Materials In A Bath Of Dilute Acid.
|
| Space Dyed |
Sections Of The
Yarn Are Dyed In Different Colors Resulting In A Fabric With A
Multi-color Effect.
|
| Spandex
(fibre) (us) |
A Term Used To
Describe Manufactured Fibres In Which The Fibre-forming Substance Is
A Long-chain Synthetic Polymer Comprised Of At Least 85% Of A
Segmented Polyurethane. The Iso Generic Name Is Elastane
|
| Spanish
Blonde Lace |
Usually A Large
Floral Handmade Bobbin Lace Sewn To A Net Ground And Outlined In A
Heavy Thread. Commonly Cream Color But Also May Be White Or Black.
|
| Sparkle |
A Fabric That
Uses A Yarn, Usually Nylon With A High Reflectance Of Light.
|
| Specific
Length |
A Count Of The
Number Of Unit Lengths Per Unit Mass Of Linear Textile Material.
|
| Specific
Stress (formerly Mass-stress) |
The Ratio Of
Force To The Linear Density. This Ratio Is Equal To The Stress Per
Unit Density And Is Expressed As Mn/dtex Or N/tex.
|
| Spin
Stretch Ratio |
In Man-made
Filament Extrusion, The Ratio Of Take-up Or Haul-off Speed To The
Average Speed Of The Spinning Fluid As It Leaves The Spinneret.
Note: The Terms Draw-down And Extrusion Ratio Are Also Commonly
Used. Spinneret; Spinnerette (1) (man-made Fibres) A Nozzle Or Plate
Provided With Fine Holes Or Slits Through Which A Fibre-forming
Solution Or Melt Is Extruded In The Manufacture Of Man-made Fibres.
(2) (entomology) The Small Orifices, On The Lower Lip Of The
Silkworm And At The Rear Of The Abdomen Of The Spider, Through Which
Thread-forming Material Is Extruded In The Formation Of A Cocoon,
Web Or Other Filamentous Structure.
|
| Spin-drawing |
A Process For
Spinning Partially Or Highly Oriented Filaments In Which Most Of The
Orientation Is Introduced Between The First Forwarding Device And
The Take-up, I.e., Spinning And Drawing Are Integrated Sequential
Stages
|
| Spin-draw-texturing |
A Process For
Making Textured Yarns In Which Spinning, Drawing And Texturing
Stages Are Integrated Sequentially On A Single Machine.
|
| Spinning
|
The Present
Participle Of The Verb 'to Spin' Used Verbally, Adjectivally, Or As
A Noun, Meaning Process Or The Processes Used In The Production Of
Yarns Or Filaments. Note 1: The Term May Apply To: (i) The Drafting
And, Where Appropriate, The Insertion Of Twist In Natural Or Staple
Man-made Fibres To Form A Yarn; (ii) The Extrusion Of Filaments By
Spiders Or Silkworms; Or (iii) The Production Of Filaments From
Glass, Metals, Fibre-forming Polymers Or Ceramics. Note 2: In The
Spinning Of Man-made Filaments, Fibre-forming Substances In The
Plastic Or Molten State, Or In Solution, Are Forced Through The
Holes Of A Spinneret Or Die At A Controlled Rate. There Are Five
General Methods Of Spinning Man-made Filaments, But Combinations Of
These Methods May Be Used (see Dispersion Spinning, Dry Spinning,
Melt Spinning, Reaction Spinning, And Wet Spinning) Note3: In The
Bast And Leaf-fibre Industries, The Terms 'wet Spinning' And 'dry
Spinning' Refer To The Spinning Of Fibres Into Yarns In The Wet
State And In The Dry State Respectively.
|
| Spinning
Bath |
A Coagulating
Bath Into Which A Solution Or Dispersion Of A Fibre-forming Polymer
Is Extruded During The Processes Of Wet-spinning Or Dispersion
Spinning Respectively.
|
| Spinning
Frame |
A Machine
Consisting Of A Number Of Spinning Positions For Converting Slivers,
Slubbings, Or Roving Into Yarn.
|
| Spinning
Pump |
A Small Pump,
Usually Of The Gear-wheel Type, Used To Provide A Uniform Flow Of A
Spinning Solution Or Molten Polymer To A Spinning Jet.
|
| Spinning
Solution |
A Solution Of
Fibre-forming Polymer As Prepared For Extrusion Through A Spinneret.
Note: A Spinning Solution Is Often Referred To As Dope, A Term
Historically Associated With Cellulose Ethanoate (cellulose Acetate)
Solutions As Varnishes.
|
| Split Film |
A Yarn Produced
By The Process Of Fibrillation.
|
| Spongy |
Having A
Surface That Can Be Compressed But Recovers.
|
| Spray
Bonding |
A Method Of
Making Nonwoven Fabrics In Which Droplets Of Adhesive Are Sprayed On
To The Fibre Web Or Batt
|
| Spray
Dyeing |
Application Of
Colorant To A Substrate Using A Spray Gun With The Object Of
Producing Ombre Effects.
|
| Spray Print |
Color Is
Applied To The Fabric By Spraying Dye On The Surface With A
Compressed Air Gun. Multiple Colors Maybe Applied By Using A
Different Stencil For Each Color. Ombre Or Tie Dye Effects May Be
Achieved.
|
| Sprit
(flax) |
Small Pieces Of
Woody Epidermal Tissue Adhering Firmly To Flax Fibre Strands.
|
| Spun Silk |
(1) Yarn
Produced By Dressing Or Combing Processes From Silk Waste That Has
Been 'boiled Off' To Remove The Gum. (2) Descriptive Of Fabrics
Produced From Spun Silk.
|
| Spun Yarn |
Commonly Used
To Describe A Yarn That Consists Of Staple Fibres Held Together
(usually) By Twist.
|
| Spunbonded |
A Method Of
Producing Nonwoven Fabric In A Continuous Process. Polymer Is
Extruded Through A Spinneret And The Resulting Filaments Are Cooled
And Laid Down In A Web Along A Continuous Conveyor Belt . The Web Is
Then Bonded By Heat, Pressure Or Adhesives To Form The Fabric.
|
| Spunlaced |
A Method Of
Producing A Nonwoven Fabric By Mechanically Entangling The Fibers
With High Pressure Water Jets . Also Called Hydroentangled Fabric.
|
| Spunlaid
Fabric |
A Nonwoven
Fabric Made By The Extrusion Of Filaments That Are Laid Down In The
Form Of A Web And Bonded.
|
| Spur
Leather |
A Butterfly
Shaped Piece Of Leather That Was Stitched Across The Instep Of Soft,
Crumpling Leather Boots To Hold The Gold Or Silver Rowel Spurs.
First Half Of 17th Century, "cavalier"-style.
|
| Staining |
(1) An
Undesirable Local Discoloration. (2) In Fastness Testing Of Coloured
Textiles; The Transfer Of Colorant From The Test Material To
Adjacent Materials
|
| Standard
Atmosphere For Testing |
(a) Standard
Temperate Atmosphere: An Atmosphere At The Prevailing Barometric
Pressure With Relative Humidity Of 65% And A Temperature Of 20°c
(68°f). (b) Standard Tropical Atmosphere: An Atmosphere At The
Prevailing Barometric Pressure With A Relative Humidity Of 65% And A
Temperature Of 27°c (81 °f) .
|
| Standard
Condition For Physical Testing |
A Textile
Material Is In Standard Condition (or Is 'conditioned') For Physical
Testing When, After Having Been Dried To Approximately Constant
Weight In An Atmosphere With A Relative Humidity Not Higher Than
10%, It Has Been Kept In The Standard Atmosphere For Testing Until
It Has Reached Equilibrium.
|
| Staple |
A Lock Or Tuft
Of Fibres Of Uniform Properties And Hence A Lock Of Tuft Prepared To
Demonstrate Fibre Length. In Bulk, A Mass Of Fibres Having A Certain
Homogeneity Of Properties, Usually Length. Used As A Verb, To Bring
Fibres To A Certain Uniformity Of Properties, Usually Length, E.g.
By Sorting Wool Or By Cutting Filaments.
|
Staple
Fibre (man-made)
|
Man-made Fibres
Of Predetermined Short Lengths. |
| Staple
Length |
A Quantity By
Which A Sample Of Fibrous Raw Material Is Characterized As Regards
Its Technically Most Important Fibre Length. Note: The Staple Length
Of Wool Is Usually Taken As The Length Of The Longer Fibres In A
Hand Prepared Tuft Or 'staple' In Its Naturally Crimped And Wavy
Condition (see Crimp). With Cotton, On The Other Hand, The Staple
Length Corresponds Very Closely To The Modal Or Most Frequent Length
Of The Fibres When Measured In A Straightened Condition.
|
| Starch |
A Carbohydrate
Component Extracted From Certain Plants And Used In Sizing And
Finishing. Its Use In These Operations Depends On Its Adhesive Or
Film-forming Properties. Steeping (1) (general) The Treatment Of
Textile Material In A Bath Of Liquid, Usually, Although Not
Necessarily, Without Agitation. The Term Is Also Applied To
Processes Whereby The Materials Are Impregnated With A Liquor,
Highly Squeezed, And Then Allowed To Lie. (2) In Rayon Manufacture,
The Process Of Immersing The Dissolving Pulp In A Solution Of Sodium
Hydroxide (caustic Soda) Of Mercerizing Strength (17-20%). The
Purpose Of This Treatment Is Twofold: (a) To Produce
Alkali-cellulose, And (b) To Remove Soluble Impurities From The
Pulp. The Operation Is Controlled By Time And Temperature. (3) The
Process Of Retting Flax Straw By Immersion In An Aqueous Liquor.
|
| Steeple
Crown Hat |
Having A High
Pointed Crown And Flat Brim, And Fashionable In The First Half Of
The 17th Century.
|
| Steinkirk,
Also Steenkerk |
Long Cravat,
Often Tipped With A Fringe Or Lace, Worn With One End Tucked Through
The Buttonhole Or Pinned With A Brooch At The Coat-front Or
Waistcoat. Women Tucked Their Cravat Into Their Corset Laces.
Fashionable Among Men And Also For Women For Several Decades At The
End Of The 17th Century And Until The Mid-18th Century. The Name Is
Said To Come From The Battle Of Steinkirk In Holland In 1692, When
French Soldiers Were In Too Much Of A Hurry To Tie Their Cravats
Properly Before Going Out To Fight, But This May Be Doubted, Because
Apparently This Fashion Was Already Occasionally Seen Earlier.
|
| Stenter;
Tenter |
An Open-width
Fabric-finishing Machine In Which The Selvedges Of A Textile Fabric
Are Held By A Pair Of Endless Travelling Chains Maintaining Weft
Tension. Note 1: Attachment May Be By Pins (pin Stenter) Or Clips
(clip Stenter). Note 2.. Such Machines Are Used For: (a) Drying, (b)
Heat-setting Of Thermoplastic Material, (c) Fixation Of Chemical
Finishes.
|
| Sticky
Cotton |
Cotton That
Sticks To Roller Surfaces, Especially At A Card Or Drawframe,
Causing Difficulties In Processing Or Even Making The Material
Impossible To Process Without Special Precautions. Causes Of Cotton
Fibre Stickiness Range From Contamination With Cotton Seed Oil Or
The Pesticides And Defoliants Used During Cotton Growing, To The
Presence Of Bacteria And Fungi Or Of Different Types Of Sugars. The
Best Known Cause Of Sticky Cotton Is Honeydew .
|
| Stippled |
A Method Of
Producing A Shading Or Watercolor Effect By Applying Color To The
Fabric In Small Dots During Printing. The Degree Of Shading Is
Determined By The Size And Frequency Of The Dots.
|
| Stitch
Holding (shaping) |
A Method Of
Shaping A Knitted Product By Changing The Number Of Loops In
Individual Wales By Continuing To Knit On Certain Needles Whilst
Knitting Is Stopped And The Stitches Held On Other Needles For A
Given Number Of Courses. It Is Possible To Start To Knit Again And
Join The Held Stitches Into A Continuation Of The Fabric.
|
| Stitch
Holding (shaping) |
A Method Of
Shaping A Knitted Product By Changing The Number Of Loops In
Individual Wales By Continuing To Knit On Certain Needles Whilst
Knitting Is Stopped And The Stitches Held On Other Needles For A
Given Number Of Courses. It Is Possible To Start To Knit Again And
Join The Held Stitches Into A Continuation Of The Fabric.
|
Stitch
Length (knitting)
|
The Length Of
Yarn In A Knitted Loop |
| Stitch
Shaped |
A Garment
Shaped Wholly Or Partially By Change Of Stitch Length, Or Structure,
Or Both.
|
| Stitch
Shaped |
A Garment
Shaped Wholly Or Partially By Change Of Stitch Length, Or Structure,
Or Both.
|
| Stitch
Transfer |
A Method Of
Shaping A Garment Panel On A Flat Knitting Machine By Transferring
Selvedge Loops From One Needle Bed To The Other In A Sequence
Designed To Increase Or Decrease The Width Of The Fabric Over A
Given Number Of Courses. Shetland (1) Original Usage: A Yarn Spun By
Hand In The Shetland Islands From The Wool Of Sheep Bred And Reared
In These Islands. (2) Common Usage: A Yam, Spun On The Woollen
System From 100% New Wool, Of A Quality Capable Of Imparting To A
Fabric The Handle Attributed To The Products Formerly Made
Exclusively From The Shetland Breed Of Sheep. (3) Current Trade
Usage: (as Recognised By The International Wool Textile
Organisation) Where The Term Shetland Is Qualified By The Adjective
'genuine', 'pure', 'real', Or Any Similar Description, Implies That
The Wool Actually Originated In The Shetland Islands.
|
| Stitch
Transfer |
A Method Of
Shaping A Garment Panel On A Flat Knitting Machine By Transferring
Selvedge Loops From One Needle Bed To The Other In A Sequence
Designed To Increase Or Decrease The Width Of The Fabric Over A
Given Number Of Courses.
|
| Stock |
High-stiffened
Collar, Covered With Linen Or Black Satin And Fastened At The Back
Of The Neck By Strings Or Stock Buckles. A Piece Of Material
Simulating A Cravat Was Often Sewn Onto The Front Of The Stock.
First Introduced As Military Costume At The Beginning Of The 18th
Century, And Highly Fashionable For The Rest Of That Century.
|
| Stock Dyed |
Refers To The
Dyeing Of Staple Fiber Before It Is Spun Into Yarn. A Common Method
For Woolen Fabrics.
|
| Stockinette |
A Term
Sometimes Used For Soft, Plain Stitch, Knit Jersey Used For
Underwear & Other Apparel.
|
Stoddard
Solvent
|
|
| Stomacher |
In Female
Garments A V-shaped Section At The Front Of A Boned, Stiffened Under
Bodice. The Stomacher Filled In The Upper Part Of The Gown.
|
| Stonewashed |
A Process Of
Washing The Fabric With Pebbles To Alter The Hand And Produce Fading
Of The Color.
|
| Stoving |
Bleaching Of
Wool, Silk, Hair, Or Other Proteinaceous Materials In A Moist
Condition With Sulphur Dioxide In An Enclosed Chamber. (wet Stoving
Is The Treatment Of A Material With A Solution Of A Sulphite Or
Bisulphite.)
|
| Strand |
(1) A Single
Two-fold Or Multi-fold Yarn Used As A Component Of A Folded Or
Cabled Construction. (2) Linear Textile Material Generally.
|
| Straw, Yarn |
Extruded
Monofilament Yarns That Have The Cross-section And Appearance Of
Natural Straw.
|
| Stretch 2
Way |
Refers To A
Woven Or Knit Fabric With Elastic Properties In Both Directions,
Usually The Result Of Using Spandex Yarn.
|
| Stretch
Fabric |
A Fabric
Characterized By A Capacity For Stretch And Recovery From Stretch.
Note: The Term Is Used For Materials With Greater Extension And
Recovery Properties Than Traditional Woven Or Knitted Structures
From Conventional Yarns And Implies The Use Of Stretch Yarns,
Elastomeric Threads, Or Finishing Treatments. Such Fabrics May Have
Different Degrees Of Extensibility And Recovery Specified For
Particular Uses.
|
| Stretch In
Warp |
Refers To A
Woven Fabric With Elastic Properties In The Warp Direction Only,
Usually The Result Of Using Spandex Yarn In The Warp.
|
| Stretch In
Weft |
Refers To A
Woven Fabric With Elastic Properties In The Weft ( Filling)
Direction Only, Usually The Result Of Using Spandex Yarn In The
Weft.
|
| Stretch
Knit |
Refers To Any
Knit Fabric With Elastic Properties Usually The Result Of Using
Spandex Yarn.
|
| Stretch
Lace |
Refers To A
Lace Fabric With Elastic Properties, Usually The Result Of Using
Spandex Yarn.
|
| Stretch
Spinning |
A Process Of
Spinning Whereby The Filaments Are Substantially Stretched At Some
Stage Between Spinning (extrusion) And Collection. The Term Is
Applied Specifically To A Process Involving Substantial Stretch In
Order To Provide High-tenacity Yam.
|
| Stretch
Yarn |
Yarn Capable Of
A Pronounced Degree Of Stretch And Recovery From Stretch.
|
| Striated |
Refers To
Fabric Purposely Given A Narrow, Linear, Streaked Color Effect .
|
| Strick. |
A Small Bunch
Of Flax Straws Of Scutched Flax, Or Hackled Flax, Of A Size That Can
Be Held In The Hand. Note: In The Jute Section Of The Textile
Industry, The Corresponding Term Is Strike Which Refers To A Bunch
Of Jute Similar To A 'head' But Smaller, Usually 1 To 2 Kg
|
| Stripe |
A Design
Dominated By Lines Or Bands Of Contrasting Color Or Texture.
|
| Stripping |
Destroying Or
Removing Dye Or Finish From A Fibre.
|
| Strusa |
See Frisons
|
| Stuffer Box |
A Crimping
Device Consisting Of A Confined Space Into Which A Tow, A Converted
Tow, A Sliver, A Yarn Or A Similar Assembly Of Filaments Or Fibres
Is Injected By Feed Rollers Or Other Means Such As A Fluid Jet And
In Which The Fibre Assembly Is Packed And Compressed So That The
Individual Filaments Or Fibres Buckle And Fold.
|
| S-twist |
See Twist
Direction
|
| Sublimation
Printing |
A Form Of
Transfer Printing Employing Dyes That Sublime Readily And Have
Substantivity For The Substrate To Which They Are Applied.
|
| Substantivity |
The Attraction
Between A Substrate And A Dye Or Other Substance Under The Precise
Conditions Of Test Whereby The Latter Is Selectively Extracted From
The Application Medium By The Substrate.
|
Suede
Cloth/faux Suede
|
A Fabric With A
Short Nap And A Soft Finish That Suggests Animal Suede. |
| Sueded |
Having A Hand
That Suggests The Soft Supple Feel Of Real Suede Leather.
|
| Suint |
Excretion From
Sweat Glands Of Sheep, Which Is Deposited On Wool Fibres.
|
| Suithana |
Pajama Like
Garment, Worn Mostly By Women; Wide At Top And Comfortably Roomy
Around The Legs And Ankles. Possibly From Sanskrit Svasthana,
Mentioned In The Harshacharita.
|
| Sulphur Dye |
A
Water-insoluble Dye, Containing Sulphur Both As An Integral Part Of
The Chromophore And In Attached Polysulphide Chains, Normally
Applied In The Alkaline Soluble Reduced (ieuco) Form From A Sodium
Sulphide Solution And Subsequently Oxidized To The Insoluble Form In
The Fibre.
|
| Sunn |
A Bast Fibre
Obtained From The Plant Crotolaria Juncea.
|
| Superfine
Wool |
A General Term
For The Best And Finest Quality Of Wool With A Diameter Of 15-18
Microns.
|
| Supple |
Having A Soft,
Flexible, Luxurious Hand.
|
| Supplex
Brand |
A Du Pont Brand
Of Filament Nylon Fiber.
|
| Surah |
A Soft Twill
Fabric Of Silk Or Synthetic Filament Fiber. Used For Scarves, Ties,
Blouses.
|
| Suralisurwal |
A Breeches-like
Garment For The Lower Part Of The Body, Tight Around The Legs. Worn
Mostly In Nepal And Contiguous Areas.
|
| Surface
Decoration |
Ornamenting The
Surface Of A Fabric Or Garment (e.g. Embroidery Etc.)
|
| Surfactant |
An Agent,
Soluble Or Dispersible In A Liquid, Which Reduces The Surface
Tension Of The Liquid. (a Contraction Of 'surface-active Agent'.)
|
| Suri |
See Alpaca
Fibre
|
| Swatch;
Sample Swatch |
Fabric For
Display, Test, Or Record Purposes, In The Form Of A Single Sample Or
An Assembly Of Small Samples, The Latter Being Sometimes Called A
Bunch.
|
| Swealing |
(1) Migration
Of Dye Into The Angles Of Folds And Creases During Fabric Drying.
(2) Partial Transfer Of Colour, Dirt Or Grease Into The Surrounding
Fabric, Caused By Unsatisfactory Removal Of Stains By Hand From A
Fabric When Using An Aqueous Or Solvent Treatment.
|
| Swell Ratio |
In Man-made
Fibre Extrusion, The Ratio Of The Maximum Diameter Of The Extrudate
As The Solution Or Melt Emerges From The Spinneret To The Orifice
Diameter. It Is Sometimes Known As Die Swell .
|
| Swelling
Agent |
A Substance
That Causes The Total Liquid Imbibition Of A Fibre To Increase.
Note: A Swelling Agent May Be Used In A Dyebath Or A Printing Paste
To Promote Coloration By Accelerating The Diffusion Of Dyes Into A
Fibre.
|
| Syndet |
A Detergent
That Is Not A Soap. (a Contraction Of 'synthetic Detergent'.)
|
| Syndiotactic
Polymer |
A Linear
Polymer Containing Asymmetrically-substituted Carbon Atoms In The
Repeating Unit Of The Main Chain, A Planar Projection Of Whose
Structure Has The Same Substituents Situated Alternately On Either
Side Of The Main Chain
|
| Syntan |
A Name For
Synthetic Tanning Agents.
|
| Synthetic
Fibre |
A Man-made
Fibre Produced From A Polymer Built Up By Man From Chemical Elements
Or Compounds, In Contrast To Fibres Made By Man From Naturally
Occurring Fibre-forming Polymers.
|
