| S |
|
| Sack Dress, Also Robe À
La Francaise |
Mid- To Second Half Of 18th Century
Dress That Was Made With A Box Pleated Back ("watteau"-pleats)
Falling Loosely From Just Below The Shoulder To The Floor.
|
| Sack Gown / Robe Volante /
Andrienne |
A Loose Dress Flaring Out At The
Bottom, The Back Attached To The Neckband With Gathers At First, Then
With Pleats. It Was Worn From About 1704 To About 1730-35.
|
| Sacking |
A General Name Applied To Coarse
Fabrics Used Chiefly For The Making Of Bags Or Sacks. They Are Often
Made Of Jute, Hemp, Flax Or Polyolefin, And The Number Of Threads Per
Centimetre May Vary From 2 To Over 12.
|
| Sadri |
A Sleeveless Jacket Worn Over A
Shirt Or Kurta, Alike By Men And Women. The Name Of This Popular Garment
Derives Possibly From Aura, 'the Upper Part Of The Human Breast'.
|
| Sailcloth |
Originally A Tightly Woven Cotton Or
Linen Canvas Used In The Manufacture Of Ship And Yacht Sails. It Is Now
More Common For These Fabrics To Be Manufactured From Nylon For
Spinnakers, And Polyester Or Aramid For Foresails And Mainsails. Newer
Developments Include Laminated Constructions Which Give Greater
Dimensional Stability.
|
| Salt Figure |
See Hottenroth Number
|
| Salt Sensitivity |
(1) The Extent To Which The Dyeing
Properties Of A Dye Are Affected By The Addition Of A Neutral
Electrolyte To The Dyebath. Note: This Term Is Usually Only Applied In
The Dyeing Of Cellulosic Fibres. (2) The Susceptibility Of Coloured
Material To Change In Colour When Spotted With Aqueous Solutions Of
Neutral Electrolytes.
|
| Salwatishalwar |
A Pajama Like Garment For The Lower
Part Of The Body, Baggy And Wide At The Top, And Not So Tight Around The
Legs And Ankles. Worn Mostly By Women, But Also By Men In Some Parts Of
India, Especially In The Northwest.
|
| Sanded |
A Finishing Process That Brings The
Fabric In Contact With Sandpaper Or Another Abrasive Material. This May
Be Done To Raise Surface Fiber, Impart A Peached Or Sueded Hand Or To
Create A Surface Effect.
|
| Sandwashed |
A Finishing Process In Which The
Fabric Is Washed With Sand Or Another Abrasive Material To Produce A
Soft, Sueded Hand And A Faded Appearance.
|
| Sanforized |
A Trademarked Finishing Process
Which Compresses The Fabric To Reduce Its Residual Shrinkage To Not More
Than 1 Percent.
|
| Sansevieria |
A Fibre Obtained From The Leaves Of
Various Species Of Plants Of The Genus Sansevieria. Also Known As
'bow-string Hemp'.
|
| Saran (fibre) (US) |
A Term Used To Describe Manufactured
Fibres In Which The Fibre-forming Substance Is Any Long-chain Synthetic
Polymer Composed Of At Least 80% By Weight Of 1,1-dichloroethene
(vinylidene Chloride) Units. The Iso Generic Name Is Chlorofibre
|
| Sash |
In The 60s And 70s Of The 17th
Century A Broad, Loosely Knotted Sash Was Often Worn Around The Hips
Over The Coat By Men. Usually Made Of Silk And The Edges Decorated With
Tassled Fringes.
|
| Sateen |
A Smooth, Strong, Lustrous Satin
Weave Fabric Made With Cotton Or Other Spun Yarns . In A Warp Face
Satin, The Most Common, The Filling Yarns Cross Over One And Under
Several Warp Yarns, Thus Mainly The Warp Yarns Are Visible On The Face.
In A Filling Face Satin, The Filling Yarns Cross Under One And Over
Several Warp Yarns Thus The Mainly The Filling Yarns Are Visible On The
Face.
|
| Satin |
A Smooth Strong, Lustrous Satin
Weave Fabric Made With Silk Or Manufactured Filament Yarns . In A Warp
Face Satin, The Most Common, The Filling Yarns Cross Over One And Under
Several Warp Yarns, Thus Mainly The Warp Yarns Are Visible On The Face.
In A Filling Face Satin, The Filling Yarns Cross Under One And Over
Several Warp Yarns Thus The Mainly The Filling Yarns Are Visible On The
Face . Some Satins Have A Filament Yarn Face And Spun Yarn Back.
|
| Satin Stripe |
Stripes In A Fabric Formed By A
Satin Weave, Often Alternating With Sheer Plain Weave Stripes.
|
| Satin-back Crepe |
See Crepe-back Satin.
|
| Saturation Bonding |
A Method Of Making Nonwoven Fabrics
In Which A Fibre Web Or Batt Is Treated By Overall Application Of An
Adhesive In Liquid Form. (see Also Adhesive-bonded Nonwoven Fabric.)
|
| Saxony |
1. A Soft, Heavy Luxurious, Napped
Fabric Made From Fine Merino Wool Originally From Saxony, Germany. Used
For Coats 2. A Soft Tweed Fabric Of Fine Wool. Used For Sport Coats.
|
| Saxony |
A High-quality Fabric, Made Of Wool
Of 60s Quality Or Finer, Spun On The Woollen System.
|
| Scale Margins |
The External Margins Of Cuticular
Scales. The Distance Between Scale Margins Is Described As Close, Near,
Distant, Or A Combination Of These Such As Near To Distant.
|
| Scale Patterns |
The Pattern Formed By The Scale
Margins. Most Scale Patterns Are Waved, Although Not All To The Same
Extent. Patterns May Described As Regular, Irregular Or Streaked. A
Regular Waved Pattern Is One In Which The Waves Are Of Almost Equal
Wavelength And Equal Amplitude; An Irregular Wave Pattern Is One In
Which The Waves Are Of Unequal Wavelength And Amplitude. A Streaked Wave
Is One In Which The Waves Are Interrupted By Steeply Inclined Scale
Margins. The Term Waved Is Frequently Used In Conjunction With Another
Adjective E.g., Waved Crenate Margins. Other Scale-patterns Are:-
Chevron. A Waved Pattern. In Single Chevron Either The Troughs Or Crests
Are Narrow And V-shaped. In Double Chevron Both The Trough And Crests
Are V-shaped. Crenate. Margins Which Are 'notched', I.e. Have Fairly
Shallow Indentations But Sharp Peaks. Mosaic. A Pattern Composed Of A
Number Of Units; This Type Is Divided Into Regular In Which The Units
Are Approximately The Same Size And Irregular In Which The Units Of The
Mosaic Are Of Different Sizes. Pectinate Comb-like Margins. This Type Is
Subdivided Into Coarse Pectinate, Which The 'teeth' Are Large And Wide ,
And Lanceolate In Which The 'teeth' Are Long And Narrow. Petal. Patterns
In Which The Scales Have The Appearance Of Over-lapping Flower Petal.
This Type Is Divided Into Irregular Petal And Diamond Petal. Rippled.
Margins Having Indentations, The Troughs And Peaks Being Deeper But More
Rounded Than In The Crenate Type.
|
| Scalloped |
A Series Of Semicircular Curves
Along The Edge Of A Fabric. Used As Decorative Edge For Skirts,
Curtains.
|
| Scenic |
Refers To Print Motifs With A
Landscape Theme.
|
| Scented |
Fabric That Is Purposely Impregnated
With A Chemical That Gives It An Aroma Able To Withstand Multiple
Washings.
|
| Schappe Silk |
Originally, Yarn Spun From Fibre
Degummed By Schapping, But Nowadays The Term Increasingly Used As A
Generic Alternative To Spun Silk. Note: The Change In Meaning Reflects
The Greatly Decreased Use Of Fermentation Processes For Degumming,
|
| Schappe-spun |
Originally Used To Describe A Silk
Yarn From Fibre Degummed By The Schapping Process, But Now Used Both In
The U.K., And Elsewhere In Europe As A Term Synonymous With Silk-spun.
|
| Schapping |
A European Method Of Degumming
Applied To Silk Waste, Which Removes Part Of The Gum By A Fermentation
Process. Up To 10% Of Gum May Remain On The Fibre.
|
| Schiffli Embroidery |
Embroidery Done On Fabric Using A
Schiffli Machine. Capable Of Intricate Designs.
|
| Schiffli Lace |
A Lace Made With A Schiffli
Embroidery Machine By Embroidering The Design On A Net Ground. The
Ground May Be Kept Or Later Burned Away.
|
| Schreiner |
(1) Descriptive Of A Calender With
Two Or Three Bowls In Which One (the Middle One In A Three-bowl
Calender) Is Of Highly Polished Steel Engraved With Very Fine Parallel
Lines (grooves) Running At An Angle Of Approximately 20° To Either
The Horizontal Or The Vertical. (2) (finish) Descriptive Of A Finish
Obtained By Passing A Fabric Through A Schreiner Calender. The Object Of
The Process Is To Enhance The Lustre Of The Fabric. (3) (bowl) The
Engraved Bowl Of A Schreiner Calender. Note 1.. The Number Of Lines On
The Bowl May Vary From 5-24 Per Millimetre, But Is Usually In The Range
9-14. Note 2: The Angle Of Inclination Of The Lines Is Chosen To Ensure
Good Cover Of The Fabric, E.g., A Low Inclination Of 15-20° Is
Recommended For Weft Sateen Fabrics. Optimum Effects Are Obtained When
The Lines Slightly Cross The Direction Of The Surface Yarn Twist. Note
3: In Use, The Engraved Bowl Is Heated, Usually To 60-120°c For
Finishing Cotton Fabrics.
|
| Scotchguard |
A Water Repellent And Oil Repellent
Finish Trademarked By 3m Company.
|
| Scouring |
The Treatment Of Textile Materials
In Aqueous Or Other Solutions In Order To Remove Natural Waxes, Proteins
And Other Constituents, As Well As Dirt, Oil And Other Impurities. Note:
The Treatment Varies With The Type Of Fibre. Cotton And Flax Goods Are
Normally Scoured At The Boil Or Under Pressure With Sodium Hydroxide
(caustic Soda) Or With Lime Followed By Sodium Carbonate (soda Ash) Or
With A Mixture Of Sodium Hydroxide (caustic Soda) And Sodium Carbonate
(soda Ash); Wool Goods With Aqueous Solutions Of Sodium Carbonate (soda
Ash) Or Soap Or Both Temperatures Not Exceeding 50°c, Or
Substantially Neutral Liquors Containing A Synthetic Detergent In The
Presence Of An Inorganic Salt; Viscose Rayon With Soap And Sodium
Carbonate (soda Ash) At Or Below The Boil; Cellulose Ethanoate (acetate)
With Soap And Sodium Carbonate (soda Ash) Liquors Of Relatively Low
Alkalinity And At Temperatures Below The Boil To Prevent Alkaline
Hydrolysis Of The Ethanoate (acetate);nylon, Etc., With Soap And Sodium
Carbonate (soda Ash) Or Ammonia Below The Boil, Although Special Cases
Neutral Or Acidic Liquors May Be Used.
|
| Screen Printing |
A Design Reproduction Process,
Developed From Stencilling, In Which Print Paste Is Forced Through
Unblocked Areas Of A Mesh, In Contact With The Substrate. The Mesh May
Be A Woven Fabric Or A Fine Screen, Flat Or Cylindrical (rotary Screen).
Pressure Is Applied To The Paste By A Squeegee (blade Roller), Which Is
Moved When The Screen Is Stationary Or Stationary When The Rotary Screen
Is Rotating.
|
| Scrim |
A Lightweight Open Weave Fabric
Usually Of Cotton. Used For Curtains Or As A Base For Needlework ,
Lamination Or Carpeting.
|
| Scrim |
A General Term, Irrespective Of
Structure, For A Lightweight Basecloth Included In A Nonwoven Fabric
|
Scroll A Design Dominated By
Fanciful Curves.
|
|
| Scroop |
A Rustling Noise And A
Characteristic 'dry' Handle When A Material Is Compressed By Hand.
Scroop Is Usually Associated With Silk But Also Produced In Certain
Man-made Cellulosic Fibres, Yarns, Or Fabrics By Suitable Finishing
Treatments. It Is Probably Associated With A High Coefficient Of Static
Friction Relative To The Dynamic Coefficient.
|
| Scutcher |
A Machine For Continuously Opening
Fabric Which Has Previously Been In Rope Form.
|
| Scutching (cotton) |
An Operation In Which Cotton Is
Opened Mechanically, Cleaned And Formed Into A Continuous Lap
|
| Scutching (flax) |
The Operation Of Separating The
Woody Part Of Deseeded Or Retted Flax Straw From The Fibre.
|
| Sea Island Cotton |
The Exceptionally Fine, Long-staple
Types Of Cotton Grown In The West Indies
|
| Seam Line |
Is The Line Which Indicates Where
The Seam Should Be Stitched - Or It Is Plainly The Stitching Line Of Any
Garment.
|
| Secondary Cellulose Acetate |
An Ester Formed From Cellulose And
Ethanoic Acid (acetic Acid) Used To Make Acetate Fibres. Note: Purified
Cellulose Is Ethanoylated (acetylated) By Ethanoic Anhydride (acetic
Anhydride) In The Presence Of A Catalyst (such As Sulphuric Acid Or
Perchloric Acid) In A Solvent Such As Dichloromethane (methylene
Chloride) Or Ethanoic Acid. The Reaction Proceeds Until Primary
Cellulose Acetate Containing 60% Of Combined Ethanoic Acid Is Formed.
Secondary Cellulose Acetate Is Formed From The Primary Acetate By
Partial Hydolysis. It Is Obtained By Adding Water In Excess Of That
Required To React With The Residual Ethanoic Anhydride, Which Thus
Allows The Hydrolysis To Take Place.
|
| Secrète |
French Word For Under Layer Of A
Skirt. Two Layers Were Always Worn, Even When The Outer Layer Modeste
Was Closed In Front.
|
See Also Atactic Polymer,
Isotactic Polymer
|
|
See Also Stretch Fabric.
|
|
| Seed Cotton |
Cotton Which Has Been Harvested But
Not Ginned, So That The Fibre Is Still Attached To The Seed.
|
| Seed Hair |
Fibres Growing From The Surface Of
Seeds Or From The Inner Surfaces Of Fruit Cases Or Pods. Such Fibre
(seed Hairs) Are Formed By The Marked Elongation Of Epidermal Cells.
Note. From A Botanical Aspect, Cotton Is A Seed Hair, Since It Is An
Outgrowth In The Form Of Single Cells From The Epidermis Or Outer Skin
Of Cotton Seeds. In This Respect, Cotton Differs From Fine Vegetable
Fibres, Which Are Composed Of A Number Of Plant Cells, Usually Joined
And Cemented Together To Form A Bundle And Often Occurring In The Stems
(e.g., Flax) Or Leaves (e.g., Sisal) Of Plants Or Shrubs. Nevertheless,
In Commerce And Industry, It Is Customary To Refer To Cotton As
Vegetable Fibre. Calotropis (akund) And Asclepias (milkweed) Are Other
Examples Of Hair Growing On Seeds, Whereas Eriodendron (java Kapok)
Grows On The Inner Surface And The Placenta Of Seed Pods.
|
| Seersucker |
A Lightweight Fabric With Puckered
Stripes Made By Weaving With Some Of The Warp Yarns Tight And Some Loose
. The Loose Warp Threads Become Crinkled. Frequently Made In Yarn Dye
Stripes And Plaids. Often Made Of Cotton Or A Cotton Blend But Can Be In
A Variety Of Fibers . Used For Summer Clothing.
|
| Selvedge ( USA Selvage) Widening |
A Method Of Shaping A Garment Panel
By Introducing Additional Needles At One Or Both Selvedges In A Sequence
Designed To Increase The Width.
|
| Semi Bleached |
Fabric That Has Been Lightly Or
Partially Bleached.
|
| Semi-dull |
Refers To Fabric From Manufactured
Yarn That Has Been Delustered To Reduce But Not Completely Eliminate The
Shine.
|
| Semi-worsted Spun |
A Term Applied To Yarn Spun From
Sliver Produced By Carding And Gilling In Which The Fibres Are
Substantially Parallel, The Carded Sliver Not Having Been Condensed Or
Combed. Alternatively, The Yarn May Be Produced From A Roving. Note: The
Above Definition Is Descriptive Of Processing Technique And Not Of The
Fibre Content.
|
| Sequestering Agent |
A Chemical Capable Of Reacting With
Metallic Ions So That They Become Part Of A Complex Anion. The Principle
Is Used To Extract Calcium Ions From Hard Water, Iron Ii And Copper Ions
From Peroxide Bleach Liquors And Various Metallic Ions From Dyebaths, By
Forming A Water-soluble Complex In Which The Metal Is Held In A
Non-ionizable Form
|
| Sequins |
A Small, Flat, Reflective Disk With
A Hole For Attaching To The Fabric For Decorative Purposes. May Be Of
Metal Plastic Or Shell.
|
| Serge |
A Smooth Faced 2x2 Twill Weave
Fabric. Traditionally Of Wool But May Be Of Other Fibers. Used For
Trousers, Suitings.
|
| Serpentaux |
Women's Hairstyle, With Almost
Straight Hair Hanging Down, It Followed The Coiffure En Bouffons During
The Reign Of Louis Xiii.
|
| Sett; Set |
(1) A Term Used To Indicate The
Density Of Ends Or Picks Or Both In A Woven Fabric, Usually Expressed As
The Number Of Threads Per Centimetre. The State Of The Fabric At The
Time Should Be Described E.g. Loomstate Or Finished. (2) Synonym For
Count Of Reed. (3) The Term May Be Used In Such Phrases As High Sett,
Closely Sett Etc., Where A High End Or Pick Density Is Indicated.
|
| Setting |
The Process Of Conferring Stability
Of Form Upon Fibres, Yarns, Or Fabrics, Usually By Means Of Successive
Heating And Cooling In Moist Or Dry Conditions. Note: The Term Is
Sometimes Used In Conjunction With A Description Of The Particular
Characteristics To Be Stabilized (e.g., Twist Setting, Crimp Setting) Or
Of The Setting Medium (e.g., Heat Setting, Steam Setting).
|
| S-finish |
A Finish Produced On Triethanoate
(cellulose Triacetate) Textiles By Surface Saponification.
|
| Shaft |
The Finer And Proximal Portion Of A
Guard Hair.
|
| Shafty Wool |
Strong, Dense And Well Grown Wool
With Good Length And Spinning Characteristics
|
| Shahtoosh |
The Hair Of The Tiberian Antelope
(pantholops Hogsoni), Locally Called Chiru. The UN List This Animal
Under The Convention Of International Irade In Endangered Species,
Appendix 1, I.e. Giving It Highest Protection. The Only Way To Collect
The Wool Is To Kill The Antelope!
|
| Shaker |
A Heavy 1x1 Rib Knit.
|
| Shantung |
A Plain Weave Fabric With Slubbed
Yarns Or An Uneven Ribbed Surface Texture. Originally Of Silk But Now
May Be Of Cotton Or Man Made Fibers.
|
| Shantung |
A Plain-weave Silk Dress Fabric
Exhibiting Random Yam Irregularities Resulting From The Use Of Yarn Spun
From Wild (tussah) Silk.
|
| Shantung-type Yarn |
An Irregular Yarn Made From Fibres
Other Than Natural Silk To Imitate The Yarn Used For Making Shantung.
|
| Shaping; Weft Knitting |
Descriptive Of The Process Used To
Shape A Knitted Product During Knitting By Changing The Number Of
Stitches Per Course, Wale, Or Unit Area In The Fabric. The Various
Methods Which May Be Used Separately Or In Combination Are:
|
| Sharara |
A Kind Of Loose, Trailing Pajama (q.
V.) Worn By Women.
|
| Sharkskin |
1. A Woven Fabric With The Yarns In
Both Warp And Filling Alternating White And Color Giving It A Salt And
Pepper Look. Used For Suitings . Usually A 2x2 Twill Weave But May Also
Be Plain Weave. 2. A Crisp Fabric With A Pebbly Surface And A Dull
Luster Usually Of Filament Yarn Such As Acetate Or Triacetate . Often
Found In Pure White. Uses For Uniforms, Tennis Clothes.
|
| Shear |
(1) To Cut The Fleece From A Sheep.
(2) To Cut A Nap Or Pile To Uniform Length Or Height (also Called Crop).
(3) To Cut Loose Fibres Or Yam From The Surface Of A Fabric After
Weaving (also Called Crop).
|
| Sheared |
A Finishing Process In Which The
Fibers On The Surface Of The Fabric Are Mechanically Trimmed To Create
An Even Nap. Often Follows Brushing Of The Fabric. Done On Fleeces,
Moleskins, Pile Fabrics, Wools.
|
| Sheer |
A Thin, Fine , Semi Transparent
Fabric.
|
| Sheeting |
A Plain Weave Fabric With Even Or
Close To Even Thread Counts In Warp And Weft . Often Of Cotton. Carded
Yarn Versions Are Used For Inexpensive Apparel, Furniture Covers And As
A Base For Laminates. Finer Yarns And Higher Counts May Be Used For Bed
Sheets.
|
| Sherpa/berber |
A Heavy Fabric With Clumped Pile
Resembling The Fleece Of A Sheep. Used For Outerwear Trim And Lining.
|
| Sherwani |
A Coat Like Garment, Worn By Men
Close To The Body, Of Knee-length, And Opening In Front With
Button-fastenings. Related To The Achkan (q.v.); Especially Popular At
The Hyderabad Court And In Aligarh.
|
| Shetland |
A Soft Shaggy Wool Tweed Fabric .
Originally Referred To Only Wool From The Shetland Islands In Scotland
But Now Refers To Any Wool Fabric With Similar Characteristics . May Be
Woven Or Knit . Used For Overcoats, Sportcoats, Sweaters.
|
| Shield |
The Wider And Flattened Portion Of A
Guard Hair. In Many Guard Hairs The Fine Shaft Widens Out Into A
Flattened Shield, The Proportion Of Shaft To Shield Varying In Different
Types Of Fibres.
|
| Shiny |
Refers To Fabric Having A Surface
With A High Reflectance Of Light.
|
| Shives (flax) |
Short Pieces Of Woody Waste Beaten
From Straw During Scutching.
|
| Shivey Wool |
Wool That Contains Small Particles
Of Vegetable Matter Other Than Burrs
|
| Shoddy |
(1) Fibrous Material Made In The
Woollen Trade By Pulling Down New Or Old Knitted Or Loosely Woven Fabric
In Rag Form. (see Also Mungo And Note The Distinction.) (2) Droppings
From Woollen Cards Consisting Of Very Short Fibres That May Be Heavily
Charged With Oil And Dirt.
|
| Shrinkage |
The Reduction In Length (or Width)
Of A Fibre, Yam, Or Fabric. It May Be Induced By, E.g., Wetting,
Steaming, Alkali Treatment, Wet Processing As In Laundering, Or Dry
Heat.
|
Shrink-resistant Finish
|
A Treatment Applied To A Textile
Material To Make It Shrink-resistant |
| Shrink-resistant;
Shrink-resisting; Shrink-resist |
Descriptive Of Textile Materials
That Exhibit Dimensional Stability Conforming To Specified Standards
Based On Tests Designed To Simulate Normal Conditions Of Usage. Note:
This Property May Be An Inherent Property Of The Textile Material Or May
Be Conferred By Physical Or Chemical Processes Or Both.
|
| Shuttle (lace Machines) |
(1) (schiffli Embroidery Machine) A
Boat-shaped Yam-package Holder Travelling In A Slide In Such A Manner
That It Passes Through The Loop Formed In The Needle Thread Thus Forming
The Back Thread Of The Lock Stitch. (2) (lace Furnishing Machine) A Term
Used In Scotland For The Carriage
|
| Siddo Rags |
Rags Consisting Of Interlinings From
Garments. The Best Types Are Produced From Fabrics Made From Yams Of
Hair, Or Blends Of Hair With Wool, Made On The Worsted System.
|
| Sidha Paijama |
Pajama (q.v.) With A Straight Cut.
|
| Sighting Colour |
See Fugitive Tint
|
| Silhouette |
Dark-shaded Profile Portrait Outline
Of Any Garment.
|
| Silk |
The Fibroin Fibre Forming The
Cocoons Produced By Silkworms.
|
| Silk Noil |
A Fabric Produced From Silk Waste
Fibers That Are Too Short For Producing Spun Silk.
|
| Silk Noils |
Fibres Extracted During Silk
Dressing Or Combing That Are Too Short For Producing Spun Silk. These
Fibres Are Usually Spun On The Condenser System To Produce What Are
Known As 'silk-noil Yams'.
|
| Silk Waste |
The Fibres Remaining After Drawing
Off, Reeling, Or Throwing Nett Silk, And Fibres Obtained From Damaged Or
Unreelable Cocoons.
|
| Silk, Wild |
See Wild Silk
|
| Silk-like |
Refers To Fabric Having A Hand That
Suggests The Feel Of Silk.
|
| Silk-spun |
A Term Applied To Staple Yam
Produced By Dressing Or Combing And Spinning On Machinery Originally
Designed For Processing Waste Silk Into Yam (see Spun Silk). Note:
Whenever The Term Silk-spun Is Used, It Is Qualified By The Name Of The
Fibre And Fibres From Which The Material Is Made
|
| Silver Coated |
A Fabric With A Silver Colored
Coating . Used In Outerwear.
|
| Singe |
To Remove, By Burning Against A Hot
Plate, In A Flame, Or By Infra-red Radiation, Unwanted Surface Hairs Or
Filaments. The Operation Is Usually Performed As A Preliminary To
Bleaching And Finishing.
|
| Single Yarn |
A Thread Produced By One Unit Of A
Spinning Machine Of A Silk Reel.
|
| Sinkage |
(1) Loss Of Weight In Wool
Cleansing, Usually Expressed As A Percentage. (2) Unaccounted Or
'invisible' Loss Of Weight In Processing, Usually Expressed As A
Percentage.
|
| Sisal |
A Pale Cream Fibre Obtained From The
Leaf Of The Sisal Plant (agave Sisalana Perrine).the Fibre From Other
Agave Plants, And Particularly From Henequen (agave Fourcroydes Lemaire)
Resembles Sisal Very Closely And Indeed Is Sometimes Also Termed
'sisal'.
|
| Size |
A Gelatinous Film-forming Substance,
In Solution Or Dispersion, Applied Normally To Warps Sometimes To Wefts,
Generally Before Weaving. Note 1: The Main Types Are Carbohydrates And
Their Derivatives, Gelatin, And Animal Glues, Although Other Substances,
Such As Linseed Oil, Poly(acrylic Acid), And Poly(vinyl Alcohol) Are
Also Used Note 2: The Objects Of Sizing Prior To Weaving Are To Protect
The Yarns From Abrasion In Healds And Reed And Against Each Other; To
Strengthen Them; And By The Addition Of Oils And Fats, To Lubricate
Them.
|
| Skein |
See Hank
|
| Skein Sizing |
See Hank Sizing
|
| Skin Wool |
Wool Removed From The Skins Of
Slaughtered Sheep . Note: There Are Three Methods Of Removal. (a)
Lime-steeping, (b) Sweating (by Bacterial Action), And (c) Painting
With, For Example, Sodium Sulphide.
|
| Skirting (wool) |
(1) The Removal Of Wool Different
From The Main Bulk From The Edges Of A Fleece. See Also Wool Classing (2
) A Wool Sorting Term For Stained Parts Of The Fleece Such As The Legs
And The Whole Edge Of The Fleece.
|
| Slashings |
Small Openings Made In A Garment,
Showing The Lining. Slashings (crevés, Chiquetades) Were Made In
Garments, Shoes And Gloves.
|
| Slay |
Also Sley . That Oscillating Part Of
A Weaving Machine, Positioned Between The Healds And The Fell Of The
Cloth, Which Carries The Reed.
|
| Slinky |
A Market Term For A Shiny, Drapey
Knit Fabric Of Synthetic Fiber With Fine Ribs.
|
| Slipe |
Lime-steeped Wools
|
| Sliver |
An Assembly Fibres In Continuous
Form Without Twist.
|
| Slope |
Loose Clothes Tunics, Smocks,
Trousers
|
| Slub |
A Short Abnormally Thick Place In A
Yarn.
|
| Slubbed |
Refers To Fabric Using Yarn With
Uneven Areas, I.e. With A Thick And Thin Appearance Occurring At
Irregular Intervals.
|
| Slubbing |
The Name Given, Individually Or
Collectively, To Relatively Thick Fibrous Strands, And Also To Strips Of
Web From A Condenser Card That Have Been Consolidated Into A Circular
Cross-section By Rubbing.
|
| Slurry Steeping |
A Process In The Manufacture Of
Viscose Rayon In Which A Pulp Is Dispersed In A Solution Of Sodium
Hydroxide (caustic Soda) In The Preparation Of Alkali-cellulose.
|
| Smooth |
Refers To Fabric With An Even
Surface With Little Surface Hair Or Texture.
|
| Smooth-drying |
See Drip-dry
|
| Soft |
Having A Gentle, Pliable, Supple,
Hand.
|
| Softening |
The Application Of A Chemical Agent
And/or Mechanical Process, E.g., Calendering, To Impart To Fabrics A
Soft Handle And Frequently A Smooth Appearance. A Number Of Chemical
Softening Agents Also Confer A Fullness Of Handle.
|
| Soil Release |
Any One Of A Class Of Textile
Finishes That Make It Possible To Remove Stains From Fabrics By Ordinary
Domestic Washing.
|
| Solid |
Having A Single Even Color.
|
| Solitaire |
Narrow Black Ribbon Fashionable In
The 18th Century From About 1725 Onwards. It Was Tied To The Wig, Then
Brought Around To The Front Of The Neck And Fastened, Usually In A Bow,
Over The Stock.
|
| Solvent Bonding |
A Method Of Making Nonwoven Fabrics
In Which A Solvent Is Used To Soften The Fibre Surfaces In A Web Or Batt
And Hence Cause Bonding.
|
| Solvent Dyeing |
Dyeing Carried Out From A Continuous
Non-aqueous Phase.,note. Water May Be Added To Assist The Dyeing
Process.
|
| Solvent Finishing |
The Treatment Of Textile Materials
With Reagents, Other Than Dyes, Dissolved In Organic Solvents.
|
| Solvent Scouring |
The Treatment Of Fabrics In Organic
Solvent Media To Remove Impurities Such As Lubricating Oils And Spin
Finishes.
|
| Soupling |
A Softening Process Applied To
Continuous-filament Silk Yarns That Are To Be Dyed 'in The Gum'. The
Yarns Are Treated In Warm Soap Solution And Softened In An Acid Tartrate
Bath. Such Treatments Normally Remove Some Of The Gum, To Leave 10-15%
On The Fibre
|
| Sour |
To Treat Textile Materials In A Bath
Of Dilute Acid.
|
| Space Dyed |
Sections Of The Yarn Are Dyed In
Different Colors Resulting In A Fabric With A Multi-color Effect.
|
| Spandex (fibre) (us) |
A Term Used To Describe Manufactured
Fibres In Which The Fibre-forming Substance Is A Long-chain Synthetic
Polymer Comprised Of At Least 85% Of A Segmented Polyurethane. The Iso
Generic Name Is Elastane
|
| Spanish Blonde Lace |
Usually A Large Floral Handmade
Bobbin Lace Sewn To A Net Ground And Outlined In A Heavy Thread.
Commonly Cream Color But Also May Be White Or Black.
|
| Sparkle |
A Fabric That Uses A Yarn, Usually
Nylon With A High Reflectance Of Light.
|
| Specific Length |
A Count Of The Number Of Unit
Lengths Per Unit Mass Of Linear Textile Material.
|
| Specific Stress (formerly
Mass-stress) |
The Ratio Of Force To The Linear
Density. This Ratio Is Equal To The Stress Per Unit Density And Is
Expressed As Mn/dtex Or N/tex.
|
| Spin Stretch Ratio |
In Man-made Filament Extrusion, The
Ratio Of Take-up Or Haul-off Speed To The Average Speed Of The Spinning
Fluid As It Leaves The Spinneret. Note: The Terms Draw-down And
Extrusion Ratio Are Also Commonly Used. Spinneret; Spinnerette (1)
(man-made Fibres) A Nozzle Or Plate Provided With Fine Holes Or Slits
Through Which A Fibre-forming Solution Or Melt Is Extruded In The
Manufacture Of Man-made Fibres. (2) (entomology) The Small Orifices, On
The Lower Lip Of The Silkworm And At The Rear Of The Abdomen Of The
Spider, Through Which Thread-forming Material Is Extruded In The
Formation Of A Cocoon, Web Or Other Filamentous Structure.
|
| Spin-drawing |
A Process For Spinning Partially Or
Highly Oriented Filaments In Which Most Of The Orientation Is Introduced
Between The First Forwarding Device And The Take-up, I.e., Spinning And
Drawing Are Integrated Sequential Stages
|
| Spin-draw-texturing |
A Process For Making Textured Yarns
In Which Spinning, Drawing And Texturing Stages Are Integrated
Sequentially On A Single Machine.
|
| Spinning
|
The Present Participle Of The Verb
'to Spin' Used Verbally, Adjectivally, Or As A Noun, Meaning Process Or
The Processes Used In The Production Of Yarns Or Filaments. Note 1: The
Term May Apply To: (i) The Drafting And, Where Appropriate, The
Insertion Of Twist In Natural Or Staple Man-made Fibres To Form A Yarn;
(ii) The Extrusion Of Filaments By Spiders Or Silkworms; Or (iii) The
Production Of Filaments From Glass, Metals, Fibre-forming Polymers Or
Ceramics. Note 2: In The Spinning Of Man-made Filaments, Fibre-forming
Substances In The Plastic Or Molten State, Or In Solution, Are Forced
Through The Holes Of A Spinneret Or Die At A Controlled Rate. There Are
Five General Methods Of Spinning Man-made Filaments, But Combinations Of
These Methods May Be Used (see Dispersion Spinning, Dry Spinning, Melt
Spinning, Reaction Spinning, And Wet Spinning) Note3: In The Bast And
Leaf-fibre Industries, The Terms 'wet Spinning' And 'dry Spinning' Refer
To The Spinning Of Fibres Into Yarns In The Wet State And In The Dry
State Respectively.
|
| Spinning Bath |
A Coagulating Bath Into Which A
Solution Or Dispersion Of A Fibre-forming Polymer Is Extruded During The
Processes Of Wet-spinning Or Dispersion Spinning Respectively.
|
| Spinning Frame |
A Machine Consisting Of A Number Of
Spinning Positions For Converting Slivers, Slubbings, Or Roving Into
Yarn.
|
| Spinning Pump |
A Small Pump, Usually Of The
Gear-wheel Type, Used To Provide A Uniform Flow Of A Spinning Solution
Or Molten Polymer To A Spinning Jet.
|
| Spinning Solution |
A Solution Of Fibre-forming Polymer
As Prepared For Extrusion Through A Spinneret. Note: A Spinning Solution
Is Often Referred To As Dope, A Term Historically Associated With
Cellulose Ethanoate (cellulose Acetate) Solutions As Varnishes.
|
| Split Film |
A Yarn Produced By The Process Of
Fibrillation.
|
| Spongy |
Having A Surface That Can Be
Compressed But Recovers.
|
| Spray Bonding |
A Method Of Making Nonwoven Fabrics
In Which Droplets Of Adhesive Are Sprayed On To The Fibre Web Or Batt
|
| Spray Dyeing |
Application Of Colorant To A
Substrate Using A Spray Gun With The Object Of Producing Ombre Effects.
|
| Spray Print |
Color Is Applied To The Fabric By
Spraying Dye On The Surface With A Compressed Air Gun. Multiple Colors
Maybe Applied By Using A Different Stencil For Each Color. Ombre Or Tie
Dye Effects May Be Achieved.
|
| Sprit (flax) |
Small Pieces Of Woody Epidermal
Tissue Adhering Firmly To Flax Fibre Strands.
|
| Spun Silk |
(1) Yarn Produced By Dressing Or
Combing Processes From Silk Waste That Has Been 'boiled Off' To Remove
The Gum. (2) Descriptive Of Fabrics Produced From Spun Silk.
|
| Spun Yarn |
Commonly Used To Describe A Yarn
That Consists Of Staple Fibres Held Together (usually) By Twist.
|
| Spunbonded |
A Method Of Producing Nonwoven
Fabric In A Continuous Process. Polymer Is Extruded Through A Spinneret
And The Resulting Filaments Are Cooled And Laid Down In A Web Along A
Continuous Conveyor Belt . The Web Is Then Bonded By Heat, Pressure Or
Adhesives To Form The Fabric.
|
| Spunlaced |
A Method Of Producing A Nonwoven
Fabric By Mechanically Entangling The Fibers With High Pressure Water
Jets . Also Called Hydroentangled Fabric.
|
| Spunlaid Fabric |
A Nonwoven Fabric Made By The
Extrusion Of Filaments That Are Laid Down In The Form Of A Web And
Bonded.
|
| Spur Leather |
A Butterfly Shaped Piece Of Leather
That Was Stitched Across The Instep Of Soft, Crumpling Leather Boots To
Hold The Gold Or Silver Rowel Spurs. First Half Of 17th Century, "cavalier"-style.
|
| Staining |
(1) An Undesirable Local
Discoloration. (2) In Fastness Testing Of Coloured Textiles; The
Transfer Of Colorant From The Test Material To Adjacent Materials
|
| Standard Atmosphere For Testing |
(a) Standard Temperate Atmosphere:
An Atmosphere At The Prevailing Barometric Pressure With Relative
Humidity Of 65% And A Temperature Of 20°c (68°f). (b) Standard
Tropical Atmosphere: An Atmosphere At The Prevailing Barometric Pressure
With A Relative Humidity Of 65% And A Temperature Of 27°c (81 °f)
.
|
| Standard Condition For Physical
Testing |
A Textile Material Is In Standard
Condition (or Is 'conditioned') For Physical Testing When, After Having
Been Dried To Approximately Constant Weight In An Atmosphere With A
Relative Humidity Not Higher Than 10%, It Has Been Kept In The Standard
Atmosphere For Testing Until It Has Reached Equilibrium.
|
| Staple |
A Lock Or Tuft Of Fibres Of Uniform
Properties And Hence A Lock Of Tuft Prepared To Demonstrate Fibre
Length. In Bulk, A Mass Of Fibres Having A Certain Homogeneity Of
Properties, Usually Length. Used As A Verb, To Bring Fibres To A Certain
Uniformity Of Properties, Usually Length, E.g. By Sorting Wool Or By
Cutting Filaments.
|
Staple Fibre (man-made)
|
Man-made Fibres Of Predetermined
Short Lengths. |
| Staple Length |
A Quantity By Which A Sample Of
Fibrous Raw Material Is Characterized As Regards Its Technically Most
Important Fibre Length. Note: The Staple Length Of Wool Is Usually Taken
As The Length Of The Longer Fibres In A Hand Prepared Tuft Or 'staple'
In Its Naturally Crimped And Wavy Condition (see Crimp). With Cotton, On
The Other Hand, The Staple Length Corresponds Very Closely To The Modal
Or Most Frequent Length Of The Fibres When Measured In A Straightened
Condition.
|
| Starch |
A Carbohydrate Component Extracted
From Certain Plants And Used In Sizing And Finishing. Its Use In These
Operations Depends On Its Adhesive Or Film-forming Properties. Steeping
(1) (general) The Treatment Of Textile Material In A Bath Of Liquid,
Usually, Although Not Necessarily, Without Agitation. The Term Is Also
Applied To Processes Whereby The Materials Are Impregnated With A
Liquor, Highly Squeezed, And Then Allowed To Lie. (2) In Rayon
Manufacture, The Process Of Immersing The Dissolving Pulp In A Solution
Of Sodium Hydroxide (caustic Soda) Of Mercerizing Strength (17-20%). The
Purpose Of This Treatment Is Twofold: (a) To Produce Alkali-cellulose,
And (b) To Remove Soluble Impurities From The Pulp. The Operation Is
Controlled By Time And Temperature. (3) The Process Of Retting Flax
Straw By Immersion In An Aqueous Liquor.
|
| Steeple Crown Hat |
Having A High Pointed Crown And Flat
Brim, And Fashionable In The First Half Of The 17th Century.
|
| Steinkirk, Also Steenkerk |
Long Cravat, Often Tipped With A
Fringe Or Lace, Worn With One End Tucked Through The Buttonhole Or
Pinned With A Brooch At The Coat-front Or Waistcoat. Women Tucked Their
Cravat Into Their Corset Laces. Fashionable Among Men And Also For Women
For Several Decades At The End Of The 17th Century And Until The
Mid-18th Century. The Name Is Said To Come From The Battle Of Steinkirk
In Holland In 1692, When French Soldiers Were In Too Much Of A Hurry To
Tie Their Cravats Properly Before Going Out To Fight, But This May Be
Doubted, Because Apparently This Fashion Was Already Occasionally Seen
Earlier.
|
| Stenter; Tenter |
An Open-width Fabric-finishing
Machine In Which The Selvedges Of A Textile Fabric Are Held By A Pair Of
Endless Travelling Chains Maintaining Weft Tension. Note 1: Attachment
May Be By Pins (pin Stenter) Or Clips (clip Stenter). Note 2.. Such
Machines Are Used For: (a) Drying, (b) Heat-setting Of Thermoplastic
Material, (c) Fixation Of Chemical Finishes.
|
| Sticky Cotton |
Cotton That Sticks To Roller
Surfaces, Especially At A Card Or Drawframe, Causing Difficulties In
Processing Or Even Making The Material Impossible To Process Without
Special Precautions. Causes Of Cotton Fibre Stickiness Range From
Contamination With Cotton Seed Oil Or The Pesticides And Defoliants Used
During Cotton Growing, To The Presence Of Bacteria And Fungi Or Of
Different Types Of Sugars. The Best Known Cause Of Sticky Cotton Is
Honeydew .
|
| Stippled |
A Method Of Producing A Shading Or
Watercolor Effect By Applying Color To The Fabric In Small Dots During
Printing. The Degree Of Shading Is Determined By The Size And Frequency
Of The Dots.
|
| Stitch Holding (shaping) |
A Method Of Shaping A Knitted
Product By Changing The Number Of Loops In Individual Wales By
Continuing To Knit On Certain Needles Whilst Knitting Is Stopped And The
Stitches Held On Other Needles For A Given Number Of Courses. It Is
Possible To Start To Knit Again And Join The Held Stitches Into A
Continuation Of The Fabric.
|
| Stitch Holding (shaping) |
A Method Of Shaping A Knitted
Product By Changing The Number Of Loops In Individual Wales By
Continuing To Knit On Certain Needles Whilst Knitting Is Stopped And The
Stitches Held On Other Needles For A Given Number Of Courses. It Is
Possible To Start To Knit Again And Join The Held Stitches Into A
Continuation Of The Fabric.
|
Stitch Length (knitting)
|
The Length Of Yarn In A Knitted Loop |
| Stitch Shaped |
A Garment Shaped Wholly Or Partially
By Change Of Stitch Length, Or Structure, Or Both.
|
| Stitch Shaped |
A Garment Shaped Wholly Or Partially
By Change Of Stitch Length, Or Structure, Or Both.
|
| Stitch Transfer |
A Method Of Shaping A Garment Panel
On A Flat Knitting Machine By Transferring Selvedge Loops From One
Needle Bed To The Other In A Sequence Designed To Increase Or Decrease
The Width Of The Fabric Over A Given Number Of Courses. Shetland (1)
Original Usage: A Yarn Spun By Hand In The Shetland Islands From The
Wool Of Sheep Bred And Reared In These Islands. (2) Common Usage: A Yam,
Spun On The Woollen System From 100% New Wool, Of A Quality Capable Of
Imparting To A Fabric The Handle Attributed To The Products Formerly
Made Exclusively From The Shetland Breed Of Sheep. (3) Current Trade
Usage: (as Recognised By The International Wool Textile Organisation)
Where The Term Shetland Is Qualified By The Adjective 'genuine', 'pure',
'real', Or Any Similar Description, Implies That The Wool Actually
Originated In The Shetland Islands.
|
| Stitch Transfer |
A Method Of Shaping A Garment Panel
On A Flat Knitting Machine By Transferring Selvedge Loops From One
Needle Bed To The Other In A Sequence Designed To Increase Or Decrease
The Width Of The Fabric Over A Given Number Of Courses.
|
| Stock |
High-stiffened Collar, Covered With
Linen Or Black Satin And Fastened At The Back Of The Neck By Strings Or
Stock Buckles. A Piece Of Material Simulating A Cravat Was Often Sewn
Onto The Front Of The Stock. First Introduced As Military Costume At The
Beginning Of The 18th Century, And Highly Fashionable For The Rest Of
That Century.
|
| Stock Dyed |
Refers To The Dyeing Of Staple Fiber
Before It Is Spun Into Yarn. A Common Method For Woolen Fabrics.
|
| Stockinette |
A Term Sometimes Used For Soft,
Plain Stitch, Knit Jersey Used For Underwear & Other Apparel.
|
Stoddard Solvent
|
|
| Stomacher |
In Female Garments A V-shaped
Section At The Front Of A Boned, Stiffened Under Bodice. The Stomacher
Filled In The Upper Part Of The Gown.
|
| Stonewashed |
A Process Of Washing The Fabric With
Pebbles To Alter The Hand And Produce Fading Of The Color.
|
| Stoving |
Bleaching Of Wool, Silk, Hair, Or
Other Proteinaceous Materials In A Moist Condition With Sulphur Dioxide
In An Enclosed Chamber. (wet Stoving Is The Treatment Of A Material With
A Solution Of A Sulphite Or Bisulphite.)
|
| Strand |
(1) A Single Two-fold Or Multi-fold
Yarn Used As A Component Of A Folded Or Cabled Construction. (2) Linear
Textile Material Generally.
|
| Straw, Yarn |
Extruded Monofilament Yarns That
Have The Cross-section And Appearance Of Natural Straw.
|
| Stretch 2 Way |
Refers To A Woven Or Knit Fabric
With Elastic Properties In Both Directions, Usually The Result Of Using
Spandex Yarn.
|
| Stretch Fabric |
A Fabric Characterized By A Capacity
For Stretch And Recovery From Stretch. Note: The Term Is Used For
Materials With Greater Extension And Recovery Properties Than
Traditional Woven Or Knitted Structures From Conventional Yarns And
Implies The Use Of Stretch Yarns, Elastomeric Threads, Or Finishing
Treatments. Such Fabrics May Have Different Degrees Of Extensibility And
Recovery Specified For Particular Uses.
|
| Stretch In Warp |
Refers To A Woven Fabric With
Elastic Properties In The Warp Direction Only, Usually The Result Of
Using Spandex Yarn In The Warp.
|
| Stretch In Weft |
Refers To A Woven Fabric With
Elastic Properties In The Weft ( Filling) Direction Only, Usually The
Result Of Using Spandex Yarn In The Weft.
|
| Stretch Knit |
Refers To Any Knit Fabric With
Elastic Properties Usually The Result Of Using Spandex Yarn.
|
| Stretch Lace |
Refers To A Lace Fabric With Elastic
Properties, Usually The Result Of Using Spandex Yarn.
|
| Stretch Spinning |
A Process Of Spinning Whereby The
Filaments Are Substantially Stretched At Some Stage Between Spinning
(extrusion) And Collection. The Term Is Applied Specifically To A
Process Involving Substantial Stretch In Order To Provide High-tenacity
Yam.
|
| Stretch Yarn |
Yarn Capable Of A Pronounced Degree
Of Stretch And Recovery From Stretch.
|
| Striated |
Refers To Fabric Purposely Given A
Narrow, Linear, Streaked Color Effect .
|
| Strick. |
A Small Bunch Of Flax Straws Of
Scutched Flax, Or Hackled Flax, Of A Size That Can Be Held In The Hand.
Note: In The Jute Section Of The Textile Industry, The Corresponding
Term Is Strike Which Refers To A Bunch Of Jute Similar To A 'head' But
Smaller, Usually 1 To 2 Kg
|
| Stripe |
A Design Dominated By Lines Or Bands
Of Contrasting Color Or Texture.
|
| Stripping |
Destroying Or Removing Dye Or Finish
From A Fibre.
|
| Strusa |
See Frisons
|
| Stuffer Box |
A Crimping Device Consisting Of A
Confined Space Into Which A Tow, A Converted Tow, A Sliver, A Yarn Or A
Similar Assembly Of Filaments Or Fibres Is Injected By Feed Rollers Or
Other Means Such As A Fluid Jet And In Which The Fibre Assembly Is
Packed And Compressed So That The Individual Filaments Or Fibres Buckle
And Fold.
|
| S-twist |
See Twist Direction
|
| Sublimation Printing |
A Form Of Transfer Printing
Employing Dyes That Sublime Readily And Have Substantivity For The
Substrate To Which They Are Applied.
|
| Substantivity |
The Attraction Between A Substrate
And A Dye Or Other Substance Under The Precise Conditions Of Test
Whereby The Latter Is Selectively Extracted From The Application Medium
By The Substrate.
|
Suede Cloth/faux Suede
|
A Fabric With A Short Nap And A Soft
Finish That Suggests Animal Suede. |
| Sueded |
Having A Hand That Suggests The Soft
Supple Feel Of Real Suede Leather.
|
| Suint |
Excretion From Sweat Glands Of
Sheep, Which Is Deposited On Wool Fibres.
|
| Suithana |
Pajama Like Garment, Worn Mostly By
Women; Wide At Top And Comfortably Roomy Around The Legs And Ankles.
Possibly From Sanskrit Svasthana, Mentioned In The Harshacharita.
|
| Sulphur Dye |
A Water-insoluble Dye, Containing
Sulphur Both As An Integral Part Of The Chromophore And In Attached
Polysulphide Chains, Normally Applied In The Alkaline Soluble Reduced
(ieuco) Form From A Sodium Sulphide Solution And Subsequently Oxidized
To The Insoluble Form In The Fibre.
|
| Sunn |
A Bast Fibre Obtained From The Plant
Crotolaria Juncea.
|
| Superfine Wool |
A General Term For The Best And
Finest Quality Of Wool With A Diameter Of 15-18 Microns.
|
| Supple |
Having A Soft, Flexible, Luxurious
Hand.
|
| Supplex Brand |
A Du Pont Brand Of Filament Nylon
Fiber.
|
| Surah |
A Soft Twill Fabric Of Silk Or
Synthetic Filament Fiber. Used For Scarves, Ties, Blouses.
|
| Suralisurwal |
A Breeches-like Garment For The
Lower Part Of The Body, Tight Around The Legs. Worn Mostly In Nepal And
Contiguous Areas.
|
| Surface Decoration |
Ornamenting The Surface Of A Fabric
Or Garment (e.g. Embroidery Etc.)
|
| Surfactant |
An Agent, Soluble Or Dispersible In
A Liquid, Which Reduces The Surface Tension Of The Liquid. (a
Contraction Of 'surface-active Agent'.)
|
| Suri |
See Alpaca Fibre
|
| Swatch; Sample Swatch |
Fabric For Display, Test, Or Record
Purposes, In The Form Of A Single Sample Or An Assembly Of Small
Samples, The Latter Being Sometimes Called A Bunch.
|
| Swealing |
(1) Migration Of Dye Into The Angles
Of Folds And Creases During Fabric Drying. (2) Partial Transfer Of
Colour, Dirt Or Grease Into The Surrounding Fabric, Caused By
Unsatisfactory Removal Of Stains By Hand From A Fabric When Using An
Aqueous Or Solvent Treatment.
|
| Swell Ratio |
In Man-made Fibre Extrusion, The
Ratio Of The Maximum Diameter Of The Extrudate As The Solution Or Melt
Emerges From The Spinneret To The Orifice Diameter. It Is Sometimes
Known As Die Swell .
|
| Swelling Agent |
A Substance That Causes The Total
Liquid Imbibition Of A Fibre To Increase. Note: A Swelling Agent May Be
Used In A Dyebath Or A Printing Paste To Promote Coloration By
Accelerating The Diffusion Of Dyes Into A Fibre.
|
| Syndet |
A Detergent That Is Not A Soap. (a
Contraction Of 'synthetic Detergent'.)
|
| Syndiotactic Polymer |
A Linear Polymer Containing
Asymmetrically-substituted Carbon Atoms In The Repeating Unit Of The
Main Chain, A Planar Projection Of Whose Structure Has The Same
Substituents Situated Alternately On Either Side Of The Main Chain
|
| Syntan |
A Name For Synthetic Tanning Agents.
|
| Synthetic Fibre |
A Man-made Fibre Produced From A
Polymer Built Up By Man From Chemical Elements Or Compounds, In Contrast
To Fibres Made By Man From Naturally Occurring Fibre-forming Polymers.
|
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